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网卡多 IP 是指在同一个网络接口上配置和绑定多个 IP 地址。 引进网卡多 IP 的目的主要有以下几个#xff1a;
提供服务高可用性。通过在同一接口绑定多个 IP 地址#xff0c;然后在服务端使用这些 IP 地址启动多个服务实例。这样在任意一 IP 出现问题时#xff0c;可…概述
网卡多 IP 是指在同一个网络接口上配置和绑定多个 IP 地址。 引进网卡多 IP 的目的主要有以下几个
提供服务高可用性。通过在同一接口绑定多个 IP 地址然后在服务端使用这些 IP 地址启动多个服务实例。这样在任意一 IP 出现问题时可以通过其他 IP 继续访问服务提高服务的高可用性。特殊用途 IP。我们可以在一个接口上配置公网 IP、内网 IP 和特殊用途 IP用于不同用途。多 IP 可以满足一块接口绑定不同类型 IP 的需求。
所以引进网卡多 IP主要是为了更灵活和更加充分的利用网络接口提供的网络能力。
实现方式
在 SylixOS 系统中使用 ifmip 命令来给网卡添加多个 IP 地址。在Shell 界面通过 help ifmip 可以查看到该命令的实际使用方式。
[rootsylixos:/root]# help ifmip
net interface add / delete secondary IPv4 address.
NOTICE: a fake interface mi* will be create / delete.
ifmip [ifname] [{add | del}] [ipv4 address [netmask]]网卡添加第二个 IP
在 en1 网卡上添加一个新的 IP 地址 172.168.0.126子网掩码是 255.255.255.0 。
[rootsylixos:/root]# ifmip en1 add 172.168.0.126 255.255.255.0使用 ifconfig 命令查看新添加的 IP mi3 网卡的地址表示 en1 网卡新添加的 IP。
[rootsylixos:/root]# ifconfig
mi3 Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr: 00:11:22:33:44:98Mif: en1 Ifidx: 4 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: 1000 Mbpsinet addr: 172.168.0.126 netmask: 255.255.255.0gateway: 0.0.0.0 broadcast: 172.168.0.255UP BROADCAST RUNNING MTU:1500 Metric:1en2 Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr: be:7a:3c:c9:9a:e5Dev: dw_1 Ifidx: 3 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: N/Ainet addr: 10.4.130.210 netmask: 255.255.255.0gateway: 10.4.0.1 broadcast: 10.4.130.255inet6 addr: fe80::bc7a:3cff:fec9:9ae5 Scope:LinkT0UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1collisions:0 txqueue:0 tcpaf:2 tcpwnd:65535RX ucast packets:0 nucast packets:0 dropped:0TX ucast packets:0 nucast packets:0 dropped:0RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)en1 Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr: 00:11:22:33:44:98Dev: dw_0 Ifidx: 2 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: 1000 Mbpsinet addr: 10.4.120.211 netmask: 255.255.0.0gateway: 10.4.0.1 broadcast: 10.4.255.255UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1collisions:0 txqueue:512 tcpaf:2 tcpwnd:65535RX ucast packets:4 nucast packets:47860 dropped:0TX ucast packets:0 nucast packets:6 dropped:0RX bytes:2904343 (2.7 MB) TX bytes:396 (396.0 B)lo0 Link encap: Local LoopbackDev: N/A Ifidx: 1 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: N/Ainet addr: 127.0.0.1 netmask: 255.0.0.0P-to-P: 127.0.0.1 broadcast: N/Ainet6 addr: ::1 Scope:LoopbackUP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:0 Metric:1collisions:0 txqueue:0 tcpaf:2 tcpwnd:262140RX ucast packets:3 nucast packets:0 dropped:0TX ucast packets:3 nucast packets:0 dropped:0RX bytes:168 (168.0 B) TX bytes:168 (168.0 B)dns0: 0.0.0.0
dns1: 0.0.0.0
dns2: 0.0.0.0
dns3: 0.0.0.0
default device is: en1
list net interface: 4网卡删除第二个 IP
在 en1 网卡上删除上文添加的 IP 地址 172.168.0.126。
[rootsylixos:/root]# ifmip en1 del 172.168.0.126使用 ifconfig 命令查看上文新添加的 IP 已经被成功删除。
en2 Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr: be:7a:3c:c9:9a:e5Dev: dw_1 Ifidx: 3 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: N/Ainet addr: 10.4.130.210 netmask: 255.255.255.0gateway: 10.4.0.1 broadcast: 10.4.130.255inet6 addr: fe80::bc7a:3cff:fec9:9ae5 Scope:LinkT0UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1collisions:0 txqueue:0 tcpaf:2 tcpwnd:65535RX ucast packets:0 nucast packets:0 dropped:0TX ucast packets:0 nucast packets:0 dropped:0RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)en1 Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr: 00:11:22:33:44:98Dev: dw_0 Ifidx: 2 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: 1000 Mbpsinet addr: 10.4.120.211 netmask: 255.255.0.0gateway: 10.4.0.1 broadcast: 10.4.255.255UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1collisions:0 txqueue:512 tcpaf:2 tcpwnd:65535RX ucast packets:47 nucast packets:432195 dropped:0TX ucast packets:6 nucast packets:6 dropped:0RX bytes:26538743 (25.3 MB) TX bytes:720 (720.0 B)lo0 Link encap: Local LoopbackDev: N/A Ifidx: 1 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: N/Ainet addr: 127.0.0.1 netmask: 255.0.0.0P-to-P: 127.0.0.1 broadcast: N/Ainet6 addr: ::1 Scope:LoopbackUP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:0 Metric:1collisions:0 txqueue:0 tcpaf:2 tcpwnd:262140RX ucast packets:3 nucast packets:0 dropped:0TX ucast packets:3 nucast packets:0 dropped:0RX bytes:168 (168.0 B) TX bytes:168 (168.0 B)dns0: 0.0.0.0
dns1: 0.0.0.0
dns2: 0.0.0.0
dns3: 0.0.0.0
default device is: en1
list net interface: 3持久设置辅助 ip
使用 ifmip 命令只能临时修改辅助 ip想要持久修改可以通过 ifparam.ini 文件来实现。 在 ifparam.ini 文件中增加 mipaddr、mgateway、mnetmask 字段配置即可增加一组扩展 ip 地址一个网卡可以扩展多个 IP 地址。
[rootsylixos:/root]# cat /etc/ifparam.ini
[e1000_0]
enable1
ipaddr192.168.196.88
gateway192.168.196.1
netmask255.255.255.0
#dhcp1
#dhcp6
mipaddr192.168.1.88
mgateway192.168.1.1
mnetmask255.255.255.0
default1[rootsylixos:/root]# ifconfig
mi2 Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr: ce:63:a8:1e:22:5cMif: en1 Ifidx: 3 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: 1000 Mbpsinet addr: 192.168.1.88 netmask: 255.255.255.0gateway: 192.168.1.1 broadcast: 192.168.1.255UP BROADCAST RUNNING MTU:1500 Metric:1en1 Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr: ce:63:a8:1e:22:5cDev: e1000_0 Ifidx: 2 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: 1000 Mbpsinet addr: 192.168.196.88 netmask: 255.255.255.0gateway: 192.168.196.1 broadcast: 192.168.196.255inet6 addr: fe80::cc63:a8ff:fe1e:225c Scope:LinkUP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1collisions:0 txqueue:0 tcpaf:2 tcpwnd:65535RX ucast packets:3 nucast packets:842 dropped:0TX ucast packets:1 nucast packets:7 dropped:0RX bytes:65476 (63.9 KB) TX bytes:620 (620.0 B)lo0 Link encap: Local LoopbackDev: N/A Ifidx: 1 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: N/Ainet addr: 127.0.0.1 netmask: 255.0.0.0P-to-P: 127.0.0.1 broadcast: N/Ainet6 addr: ::1 Scope:LoopbackUP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:0 Metric:1collisions:0 txqueue:0 tcpaf:2 tcpwnd:262140RX ucast packets:3 nucast packets:0 dropped:0TX ucast packets:3 nucast packets:0 dropped:0RX bytes:168 (168.0 B) TX bytes:168 (168.0 B)dns0: 114.114.114.114
dns1: 0.0.0.0
dns2: 0.0.0.0
dns3: 0.0.0.0
default device is: en1
list net interface: 3
[rootsylixos:/root]#[rootsylixos:/root]# ping 192.168.1.199
Pinging 192.168.1.199Reply from 192.168.1.199: bytes32 time0.955ms TTL64
Reply from 192.168.1.199: bytes32 time0.550ms TTL64
Reply from 192.168.1.199: bytes32 time0.690ms TTL64
Reply from 192.168.1.199: bytes32 time0.567ms TTL64Ping statistics for 192.168.1.199:Packets: Send 4, Received 4, Lost 0(0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:Minimum 0.550ms, Maximum 0.955ms, Average 0.690ms[rootsylixos:/root]# ping 192.168.196.199
Pinging 192.168.196.199Reply from 192.168.196.199: bytes32 time0.259ms TTL64
Reply from 192.168.196.199: bytes32 time0.608ms TTL64
Reply from 192.168.196.199: bytes32 time0.949ms TTL64
Reply from 192.168.196.199: bytes32 time0.660ms TTL64Ping statistics for 192.168.196.199:Packets: Send 4, Received 4, Lost 0(0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:Minimum 0.259ms, Maximum 0.949ms, Average 0.619ms[rootsylixos:/root]#实际场景
当一个设备只有一个网络接口要与多台不同网段的主机通信为了避免频繁地修改设备地址可以将 SylixOS 设备的网卡改成多 IP 模式这样只需要每次插拔网线而不再用频繁往复地修改设备 IP 地址。如果三台设备都通过交换机来连接则 SylixOS 设备可以同时和两个不同网段的主机通信。
进入 SylixOS 设备的Shell界面通过 ifconfig 命令查看网络接口信息。
[rootsylixos:/root]# ifconfig
en1 Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr: 00:0a:35:00:01:aaDev: zynq0 Ifidx: 2 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: 1000 Mbpsinet addr: 10.4.120.11 netmask: 255.255.0.0gateway: 10.4.0.1 broadcast: 10.4.255.255inet6 addr: fe80::20a:35ff:fe00:1aa Scope:LinkUP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1collisions:0 txqueue:0 tcpaf:2 tcpwnd:131070RX ucast packets:0 nucast packets:4690 dropped:0TX ucast packets:0 nucast packets:9 dropped:0RX bytes:283649 (277.0 KB) TX bytes:622 (622.0 B)lo0 Link encap: Local LoopbackDev: N/A Ifidx: 1 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: N/Ainet addr: 127.0.0.1 netmask: 255.0.0.0P-to-P: 127.0.0.1 broadcast: N/Ainet6 addr: ::1 Scope:LoopbackUP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:0 Metric:1collisions:0 txqueue:0 tcpaf:2 tcpwnd:262140RX ucast packets:3 nucast packets:0 dropped:0TX ucast packets:3 nucast packets:0 dropped:0RX bytes:168 (168.0 B) TX bytes:168 (168.0 B)dns0: 0.0.0.0
dns1: 0.0.0.0
dns2: 0.0.0.0
dns3: 0.0.0.0
default device is: en1
list net interface: 2在网卡 en1 上添加一个 IP 地址 192.168.11.5子网掩码是 255.255.255.0。
[rootsylixos:/root]# ifmip en1 add 192.168.11.5 255.255.255.0通过 ifconfig 命令查看网络接口信息。
[rootsylixos:/root]# ifconfig
mi2 Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr: 00:0a:35:00:01:aaMif: en1 Ifidx: 3 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: 1000 Mbpsinet addr: 192.168.11.5 netmask: 255.255.255.0gateway: 0.0.0.0 broadcast: 192.168.11.255UP BROADCAST RUNNING MTU:1500 Metric:1en1 Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr: 00:0a:35:00:01:aaDev: zynq0 Ifidx: 2 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: 1000 Mbpsinet addr: 10.4.120.11 netmask: 255.255.0.0gateway: 10.4.0.1 broadcast: 10.4.255.255inet6 addr: fe80::20a:35ff:fe00:1aa Scope:LinkUP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1collisions:0 txqueue:0 tcpaf:2 tcpwnd:131070RX ucast packets:0 nucast packets:6429 dropped:0TX ucast packets:0 nucast packets:10 dropped:0RX bytes:389041 (379.9 KB) TX bytes:664 (664.0 B)lo0 Link encap: Local LoopbackDev: N/A Ifidx: 1 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: N/Ainet addr: 127.0.0.1 netmask: 255.0.0.0P-to-P: 127.0.0.1 broadcast: N/Ainet6 addr: ::1 Scope:LoopbackUP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:0 Metric:1collisions:0 txqueue:0 tcpaf:2 tcpwnd:262140RX ucast packets:3 nucast packets:0 dropped:0TX ucast packets:3 nucast packets:0 dropped:0RX bytes:168 (168.0 B) TX bytes:168 (168.0 B)dns0: 0.0.0.0
dns1: 0.0.0.0
dns2: 0.0.0.0
dns3: 0.0.0.0
default device is: en1
list net interface: 3
[rootsylixos:/root]#通过网线将 SylixOS 设备和 主机 A 相连在 SylixOS 设备的Shell界面向主机 A 发送 ping 包通信正常证明新加的 IP 地址功能正常。
[rootsylixos:/root]# ping 192.168.11.2
Pinging 192.168.11.2Reply from 192.168.11.2: bytes32 time0.213ms TTL255
Reply from 192.168.11.2: bytes32 time0.203ms TTL255
Reply from 192.168.11.2: bytes32 time0.202ms TTL255
Reply from 192.168.11.2: bytes32 time0.204ms TTL255Ping statistics for 192.168.11.2:Packets: Send 4, Received 4, Lost 0(0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:Minimum 0.202ms, Maximum 0.213ms, Average 0.205ms[rootsylixos:/root]#通过网线将 SylixOS 设备和 主机 B 相连在 SylixOS 设备的Shell界面向主机 B 发送 ping 包通信正常证明原有的 IP 地址功能正常。
[rootsylixos:/root]# ping 10.4.0.105
Pinging 10.4.0.105Reply from 10.4.0.105: bytes32 time0.689ms TTL64
Reply from 10.4.0.105: bytes32 time0.677ms TTL64
Reply from 10.4.0.105: bytes32 time0.686ms TTL64
Reply from 10.4.0.105: bytes32 time0.644ms TTL64Ping statistics for 10.4.0.105:Packets: Send 4, Received 4, Lost 0(0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:Minimum 0.644ms, Maximum 0.689ms, Average 0.674ms[rootsylixos:/root]#
