灯罩技术支持东莞网站建设,wordpress缩略图加载慢,河北建设厅网站首页,好看的企业网站首页单元测试对我们的代码质量非常重要。很多同学都会对业务逻辑或者工具方法写测试用例#xff0c;但是往往忽略了对Controller层写单元测试。我所在的公司没见过一个对Controller写过测试的。今天来演示下如果对Controller进行单元测试。以下内容默认您对单元测试有所了解#… 单元测试对我们的代码质量非常重要。很多同学都会对业务逻辑或者工具方法写测试用例但是往往忽略了对Controller层写单元测试。我所在的公司没见过一个对Controller写过测试的。今天来演示下如果对Controller进行单元测试。以下内容默认您对单元测试有所了解比如如何mock一个接口。在这里多叨叨一句面向接口的好处除了能够快速的替换实现类其实大部分接口不会有多个实现最大的好处就是可以进行mock可以进行单元测试。测试Action下面的Action非常简单非常常见的一种代码。根据用户id去获取用户信息然后展示出来。下面看看如何对这个Action进行测试。 public class UserController : Controller{private readonly IUserService _userService;public UserController(IUserService userService){_userService userService;}public IActionResult UserInfo(string userId){if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(userId)){throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(userId));}var user _userService.Get(userId);return View(user);}}
测试代码 [TestMethod()]public void UserInfoTest(){var userService new MockIUserService();userService.Setup(s s.Get(It.IsAnystring())).Returns(new User());var ctrl new UserController(userService.Object);//对空参数进行assertAssert.ThrowsExceptionArgumentNullException(() {var result ctrl.UserInfo(null);});//对空参数进行assertAssert.ThrowsExceptionArgumentNullException(() {var result ctrl.UserInfo();});var result ctrl.UserInfo(1);Assert.IsNotNull(result);Assert.IsInstanceOfType(result, typeof(ViewResult));}
我们对一个Action进行测试主要的思路就是模拟各种入参使测试代码能够到达所有的分支并且Assert输出是否为空是否为指定的类型等。对ViewModel进行测试我们编写Action的时候还会涉及ViewModel给视图传递数据这部分也需要进行测试。修改测试用例加入对ViewModel的测试代码 [TestMethod()]public void UserInfoTest(){var userService new MockIUserService();userService.Setup(s s.Get(It.IsAnystring())).Returns(new User(){Id x}) ;var ctrl new UserController(userService.Object);Assert.ThrowsExceptionArgumentNullException(() {var result ctrl.UserInfo(null);});Assert.ThrowsExceptionArgumentNullException(() {var result ctrl.UserInfo();});var result ctrl.UserInfo(1);Assert.IsNotNull(result);Assert.IsInstanceOfType(result, typeof(ViewResult));//对viewModel进行assertvar vr result as ViewResult;Assert.IsNotNull(vr.Model);Assert.IsInstanceOfType(vr.Model, typeof(User));var user vr.Model as User;Assert.AreEqual(x, user.Id);}
对ViewData进行测试我们编写Action的时候还会涉及ViewData给视图传递数据这部分同样需要测试。修改Action代码对ViewData进行赋值 public IActionResult UserInfo(string userId){if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(userId)){throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(userId));}var user _userService.Get(userId);ViewData[title] user_info;return View(user);}
修改测试用例加入对ViewData的测试代码 [TestMethod()]public void UserInfoTest(){var userService new MockIUserService();userService.Setup(s s.Get(It.IsAnystring())).Returns(new User(){Id x}) ;var ctrl new UserController(userService.Object);Assert.ThrowsExceptionArgumentNullException(() {var result ctrl.UserInfo(null);});Assert.ThrowsExceptionArgumentNullException(() {var result ctrl.UserInfo();});var result ctrl.UserInfo(1);Assert.IsNotNull(result);Assert.IsInstanceOfType(result, typeof(ViewResult));var vr result as ViewResult;Assert.IsNotNull(vr.Model);Assert.IsInstanceOfType(vr.Model, typeof(User));var user vr.Model as User;Assert.AreEqual(x, user.Id);//对viewData进行assertAssert.IsTrue(vr.ViewData.ContainsKey(title));var title vr.ViewData[title];Assert.AreEqual(user_info, title);}
对ViewBag进行测试因为ViewBag事实上是ViewData的dynamic类型的包装所以Action代码不用改可以直接对ViewBag进行测试 [TestMethod()]public void UserInfoTest(){var userService new MockIUserService();userService.Setup(s s.Get(It.IsAnystring())).Returns(new User(){Id x}) ;var ctrl new UserController(userService.Object);Assert.ThrowsExceptionArgumentNullException(() {var result ctrl.UserInfo(null);});Assert.ThrowsExceptionArgumentNullException(() {var result ctrl.UserInfo();});var result ctrl.UserInfo(1);Assert.IsNotNull(result);Assert.IsInstanceOfType(result, typeof(ViewResult));var vr result as ViewResult;Assert.IsNotNull(vr.Model);Assert.IsInstanceOfType(vr.Model, typeof(User));var user vr.Model as User;Assert.AreEqual(x, user.Id);Assert.IsTrue(vr.ViewData.ContainsKey(title));var title vr.ViewData[title];Assert.AreEqual(user_info, title);//对viewBag进行assertstring title1 ctrl.ViewBag.title;Assert.AreEqual(user_info, title1);}
设置HttpContext我们编写Action的时候很多时候需要调用基类里的HttpContext比如获取Request对象获取Path获取Headers等等所以有的时候需要自己实例化HttpContext以进行测试。 var ctrl new AccountController();ctrl.ControllerContext new ControllerContext();ctrl.ControllerContext.HttpContext new DefaultHttpContext();
对HttpContext.SignInAsync进行mock我们使用ASP.NET Core框架进行登录认证的时候往往使用HttpContext.SignInAsync进行认证授权所以单元测试的时候也需要进行mock。下面是一个典型的登录Action对密码进行认证后调用SignInAsync在客户端生成登录凭证否则跳到登录失败页面。 public async TaskIActionResult Login(string password){if (password 123){var claims new ListClaim{new Claim(UserName,x)};var authProperties new AuthenticationProperties{};var claimsIdentity new ClaimsIdentity(claims, CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);await HttpContext.SignInAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme,new ClaimsPrincipal(claimsIdentity),authProperties);return Redirect(login_success);}return Redirect(login_fail);}
HttpContext.SignInAsync其实个时扩展方法SignInAsync其实最终是调用了IAuthenticationService里的SignInAsync方法。所以我们需要mock的就是IAuthenticationService接口否者代码走到HttpContext.SignInAsync会提示找不到IAuthenticationService的service。而IAuthenticationService本身是通过IServiceProvider注入到程序里的所以同时需要mock接口IServiceProvider。 [TestMethod()]public async Task LoginTest(){var ctrl new AccountController();var authenticationService new MockIAuthenticationService();var sp new MockIServiceProvider();sp.Setup(s s.GetService(typeof(IAuthenticationService))).Returns(() {return authenticationService.Object;});ctrl.ControllerContext new ControllerContext();ctrl.ControllerContext.HttpContext new DefaultHttpContext();ctrl.ControllerContext.HttpContext.RequestServices sp.Object;var result await ctrl.Login(123);Assert.IsNotNull(result);Assert.IsInstanceOfType(result, typeof(RedirectResult));var rr result as RedirectResult;Assert.AreEqual(login_success, rr.Url);result await ctrl.Login(1);Assert.IsNotNull(result);Assert.IsInstanceOfType(result, typeof(RedirectResult));rr result as RedirectResult;Assert.AreEqual(login_fail, rr.Url);}
对HttpContext.AuthenticateAsync进行mockHttpContext.AuthenticateAsync同样比较常用。这个扩展方法同样是在IAuthenticationService里所以测试代码跟上面的SignInAsync类似只是需要对AuthenticateAsync继续mock返回值success or fail。 public async TaskIActionResult Login(){if ((await HttpContext.AuthenticateAsync()).Succeeded){return Redirect(/home);}return Redirect(/login);}
测试用例 [TestMethod()]public async Task LoginTest1(){var authenticationService new MockIAuthenticationService();//设置AuthenticateAsync为successauthenticationService.Setup(s s.AuthenticateAsync(It.IsAnyHttpContext(), It.IsAnystring())).ReturnsAsync(AuthenticateResult.Success(new AuthenticationTicket(new System.Security.Claims.ClaimsPrincipal(), )));var sp new MockIServiceProvider();sp.Setup(s s.GetService(typeof(IAuthenticationService))).Returns(() {return authenticationService.Object;});var ctrl new AccountController();ctrl.ControllerContext new ControllerContext();ctrl.ControllerContext.HttpContext new DefaultHttpContext();ctrl.ControllerContext.HttpContext.RequestServices sp.Object;var act await ctrl.Login();Assert.IsNotNull(act);Assert.IsInstanceOfType(act, typeof(RedirectResult));var rd act as RedirectResult;Assert.AreEqual(/home, rd.Url);//设置AuthenticateAsync为failauthenticationService.Setup(s s.AuthenticateAsync(It.IsAnyHttpContext(), It.IsAnystring())).ReturnsAsync(AuthenticateResult.Fail());act await ctrl.Login();Assert.IsNotNull(act);Assert.IsInstanceOfType(act, typeof(RedirectResult));rd act as RedirectResult;Assert.AreEqual(/login, rd.Url);}
Filter进行测试我们写Controller的时候往往需要配合很多Filter使用所以Filter的测试也很重要。下面演示下如何对Fitler进行测试。 public class MyFilter: ActionFilterAttribute{public override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext context){if (context.HttpContext.Request.Path.Value.Contains(/abc/)){context.Result new ContentResult() {Content 拒绝访问};}base.OnActionExecuting(context);}}
对Filter的测试最主要的是模拟ActionExecutingContext参数以及其中的HttpContext等然后对预期进行Assert。 [TestMethod()]public void OnActionExecutingTest(){var filter new MyFilter();var actContext new ActionContext(new DefaultHttpContext(),new RouteData(), new ActionDescriptor());actContext.HttpContext.Request.Path /abc/123;var listFilters new ListIFilterMetadata();var argDict new Dictionarystring, object();var actExContext new ActionExecutingContext(actContext ,listFilters ,argDict ,new AccountController());filter.OnActionExecuting(actExContext);Assert.IsNotNull(actExContext.Result);Assert.IsInstanceOfType(actExContext.Result, typeof(ContentResult));var cr actExContext.Result as ContentResult;Assert.AreEqual(拒绝访问, cr.Content);actContext new ActionContext(new DefaultHttpContext(), new RouteData(), new ActionDescriptor());actContext.HttpContext.Request.Path /1/123;listFilters new ListIFilterMetadata();argDict new Dictionarystring, object();actExContext new ActionExecutingContext(actContext,listFilters,argDict,new AccountController());filter.OnActionExecuting(actExContext);Assert.IsNull(actExContext.Result);}
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