梅州建站网络,自学网站建设好学吗,做网站上的图片如何设定分辨率,企业网站源码破解版文章目录 1、简介1.1 node1.2 Protobuf 2、下载和安装2.1 node2.2 Protobuf2.2.1 安装2.2.2 工具 3、node 代码示例3.1 HTTP3.2 UDP单播3.4 UDP广播 4、Protobuf 代码示例4.1 例子: awesome.proto4.1.1 加载.proto文件方式4.1.2 加载.json文件方式4.1.3 加载.js文件方式 4.2 例… 文章目录 1、简介1.1 node1.2 Protobuf 2、下载和安装2.1 node2.2 Protobuf2.2.1 安装2.2.2 工具 3、node 代码示例3.1 HTTP3.2 UDP单播3.4 UDP广播 4、Protobuf 代码示例4.1 例子: awesome.proto4.1.1 加载.proto文件方式4.1.2 加载.json文件方式4.1.3 加载.js文件方式 4.2 例子account.proto4.2.1 create(...)创建对象4.2.2 fromObject(...)创建对象 4.3 例子hello.proto udp4.3.1 服务端yxy_server.js4.3.2 客户端yxy_client.js 4.4 例子user.proto tcp4.4.1 服务端yxy_tcpserver.js4.4.2 客户端yxy_tcpclient.js 结语 1、简介
1.1 node Node.js 是一个开源的、跨平台的 JavaScript 运行时环境。 Node.js 是一个开源和跨平台的 JavaScript 运行时环境。 它是几乎任何类型项目的流行工具
Node.js 在浏览器之外运行 V8 JavaScript 引擎Google Chrome 的内核。 这使得 Node.js 非常高效。
Node.js 应用在单个进程中运行无需为每个请求创建新线程。 Node.js 在其标准库中提供了一组异步 I/O 原语以防止 JavaScript 代码阻塞并且通常Node.js 中的库是使用非阻塞范例编写的这使得阻塞行为成为异常而不是常态。
1.2 Protobuf Protobuf 是一种用于 序列化 和 反序列化 对象的格式规范rpc 通信协议。 Protobuf 与 非结构化格式如 JSON、XML最大的区别在于你必须为 protobufs 定义数据类型最常用的方式是定义 .proto 文件。 Google Protocol Buffer( 简称 Protobuf) 是 Google 公司内部的混合语言数据标准目前已经正在使用的有超过 48,162 种报文格式定义和超过 12,183 个 .proto 文件。他们用于 RPC 系统和持续数据存储系统。
Google Protocol Buffers 是一种轻便高效的结构化数据存储格式可以用于结构化数据串行化或者说序列化。它很适合做数据存储或 RPC 数据交换格式。可用于通讯协议、数据存储等领域的语言无关、平台无关、可扩展的序列化结构数据格式。目前提供了 C、Java、Python 三种语言的 API即时通讯网注Protobuf官方工程主页上显示的已支持的开发语言多达10种分别有C、Java、Python、Objective-C、C#、JavaNano、JavaScript、Ruby、Go、PHP基本上主流的语言都已支持.
2、下载和安装
2.1 node
https://nodejs.org/zh-cn https://nodejs.org/zh-cn/download
2.2 Protobuf
https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js https://protobufjs.github.io/protobuf.js/
protobuf.js是一个纯JavaScript实现支持Node.js和浏览器的TypeScript它容易使用速度快速可以直接反射.proto文件不需要生成任何文件。
protobuf.js是基于ByteBuffer.js的Protocol Buffers纯JavaScript实现主要功能是解析.proto文件构建Message类编码解码。
2.2.1 安装
npm install protobufjs [--save --save-prefix~]
npm i -g protobufjs# The command line utility lives in the protobufjs-cli package and must be installed separately:
npm install protobufjs-cli [--save --save-prefix~]2.2.2 工具
https://protobufjs.github.io/protobuf.js/#pbjs-for-javascript
#老版本
##使用pbjs命令将.proto文件转换为.js文件
./node_modules/protobufjs/bin/pbjs -t json msg.proto msg.json## 使用pbjs命令将.proto文件转换为.json文件
./node_modules/protobufjs/bin/pbjs -t static_module -w commonjs -o msg.js msg.proto#新版本
npx pbjs -t json message.proto --es6 msg.js
npx pbjs -t json message.proto --ts msg.ts 而在node端也可以打包成js文件来处理。但node端是服务端环境了完全可以允许.proto的存在所以其实我们可以有优雅的使用方式直接解析。
使用pbjs命令将.proto文件转换为.json文件:
./node_modules/protobufjs/bin/pbjs -t json msg.proto msg.json
./protobuf.js-protobufjs-v7.2.5/cli/bin/pbjs -t json msg.proto msg.json命令行参数如下 -t, --target Specifies the target format. Also accepts a path to require a custom target.json JSON representationjson-module JSON representation as a moduleproto2 Protocol Buffers, Version 2proto3 Protocol Buffers, Version 3static Static code without reflection (non-functional on its own)static-module Static code without reflection as a module-p, --path Adds a directory to the include path.-o, --out Saves to a file instead of writing to stdout.--sparse Exports only those types referenced from a main file (experimental).Module targets only:-w, --wrap Specifies the wrapper to use. Also accepts a path to require a custom wrapper.default Default wrapper supporting both CommonJS and AMDcommonjs CommonJS wrapperamd AMD wrapperes6 ES6 wrapper (implies --es6)closure A closure adding to protobuf.roots where protobuf is a global-r, --root Specifies an alternative protobuf.roots name.-l, --lint Linter configuration. Defaults to protobuf.js-compatible rules:eslint-disable block-scoped-var, no-redeclare, no-control-regex, no-prototype-builtins--es6 Enables ES6 syntax (const/let instead of var)Proto sources only:--keep-case Keeps field casing instead of converting to camel case.Static targets only:--no-create Does not generate create functions used for reflection compatibility.--no-encode Does not generate encode functions.--no-decode Does not generate decode functions.--no-verify Does not generate verify functions.--no-convert Does not generate convert functions like from/toObject--no-delimited Does not generate delimited encode/decode functions.--no-beautify Does not beautify generated code.--no-comments Does not output any JSDoc comments.--force-long Enfores the use of Long for s-/u-/int64 and s-/fixed64 fields.--force-message Enfores the use of message instances instead of plain objects.usage: pbjs [options] file1.proto file2.json ... (or pipe) other | pbjs [options] -3、node 代码示例
3.1 HTTP
一旦你已经安装了 Node让我们尝试构建第一个 Web 服务器。然后使用 node server.js 运行程序访问 http://localhost:3000你就会看到一个消息写着“Hello World”。
server.js
const http require(http);
const hostname 127.0.0.1;
const port 3000;const server http.createServer((req, res) {res.statusCode 200;res.setHeader(Content-Type, text/plain;charsetutf-8);res.end(Hello World, 爱看书的小沐2023\n);
});server.listen(port, hostname, () {console.log(服务器运行在 http://${hostname}:${port}/);
});运行脚本
node server.js浏览器访问http服务器
http://127.0.0.1:3000/var http require(http);
var hostname 127.0.0.1;
var port 3000;http.createServer(function(req, res) {res.writeHead(200, {Content-Type: text/html});res.write(headmeta charsetutf-8//head);res.write(h1Node.js/h1);res.write(b爱看书的小沐2023/b);res.end(pHello World/p);}).listen(port);console.log(HTTP server is listening at port ${port}.);
console.log(服务器运行在 http://${hostname}:${port}/);3.2 UDP单播 UDP单播例子一 制作一个文件 (“demo_dgram.js”) 监听 8080 端口上的消息
var dgram require(dgram);
var s dgram.createSocket(udp4);
s.on(message, function(msg, rinfo) {console.log(I got this message: msg.toString());
});
s.bind(8080);制作一个向 8080 端口发送消息的文件(“demo_dgram_send.js”) :
var dgram require(dgram);
var s dgram.createSocket(udp4);
s.send(Buffer.from(abc), 8080, localhost);UDP单播例子二 服务器udp_server.js
// 例子UDP服务端
var PORT 9090;
var HOST 127.0.0.1;var dgram require(dgram);
var server dgram.createSocket(udp4);server.on(listening, function () {var address server.address();console.log(UDP Server listening on address.address : address.port);
});server.on(message, function (message, remote) {console.log(remote.address : remote.port - message);
});server.bind(PORT, HOST);客户端udp_client.js
// 例子UDP客户端
var PORT 9090;
var HOST 127.0.0.1;var dgram require(dgram);
var message Buffer.from(This is 爱看书的小沐!);var client dgram.createSocket(udp4);client.send(message, PORT, HOST, function(err, bytes) {if (err) throw err;console.log(UDP message sent to HOST : PORT);client.close();
});3.4 UDP广播
服务器boardcast_server.js
var dgram require(dgram);
var server dgram.createSocket(udp4);
var port 8080;server.on(message, function(message, rinfo){console.log(server got message from: rinfo.address : rinfo.port);
});server.on(listening, function () {var address server.address();console.log(Boardcast Server listening on address.address : address.port);
});server.bind(port);客户端boardcast_client.js
var dgram require(dgram);
var client dgram.createSocket(udp4);
var msg Buffer.from(hello world, 爱看书的小沐);
var port 8080;
var host 255.255.255.255;client.bind(function(){client.setBroadcast(true);// client.send(msg, port, host, function(err){// if(err) throw err;// console.log(msg has been sent);// client.close();// });// 循环发送消息setInterval(function(){client.send(msg, port, host, function(err){if(err) throw err;console.log(msg has been sent);});}, 1000);});4、Protobuf 代码示例
4.1 例子: awesome.proto
awesome.proto的内容定义如下
// awesome.proto
package awesomepackage;
syntax proto3;message AwesomeMessage {string awesome_field 1; // becomes awesomeFieldstring name_field 2;
}4.1.1 加载.proto文件方式
测试脚本文件app_proto001.js
var protobuf require(protobufjs);protobuf.load(awesome.proto, function(err, root) {if (err)throw err;var AwesomeMessage root.lookupType(awesomepackage.AwesomeMessage);var payload { awesomeField: AwesomeString };var message AwesomeMessage.create(payload); var buffer AwesomeMessage.encode(message).finish();
});var protobuf require(protobufjs);protobuf.load(awesome.proto, function(err, root) {if (err)throw err;// Obtain a message typevar AwesomeMessage root.lookupType(awesomepackage.AwesomeMessage);// Exemplary payloadvar payload { awesomeField: AwesomeString };console.log(payload: JSON.stringify(payload));// Verify the payload if necessary (i.e. when possibly incomplete or invalid)var errMsg AwesomeMessage.verify(payload);if (errMsg)throw Error(errMsg);// Create a new messagevar message AwesomeMessage.create(payload); // or use .fromObject if conversion is necessaryconsole.log(create: JSON.stringify(message));// Encode a message to an Uint8Array (browser) or Buffer (node)var buffer AwesomeMessage.encode(message).finish();// ... do something with bufferconsole.log(encode: JSON.stringify(buffer));// Decode an Uint8Array (browser) or Buffer (node) to a messagevar message AwesomeMessage.decode(buffer);// ... do something with messageconsole.log(decode: JSON.stringify(message));// If the application uses length-delimited buffers, there is also encodeDelimited and decodeDelimited.// Maybe convert the message back to a plain objectvar object AwesomeMessage.toObject(message, {longs: String,enums: String,bytes: String,// see ConversionOptions});console.log(toObject: JSON.stringify(object));
});执行运行命令如下
node app_proto001.js4.1.2 加载.json文件方式
执行如下命令将awesome.proto转为awesome.json:
./node_modules/protobufjs/bin/pbjs -t json awesome.proto awesome.json自动生成的awesome.json如下
{nested: {awesomepackage: {nested: {AwesomeMessage: {fields: {awesomeField: {type: string,id: 1},nameField: {type: string,id: 2}}}}}}
}编写脚本代码如下
var protobuf require(protobufjs);var jsonDescriptor require(./awesome.json); // exemplary for nodevar root protobuf.Root.fromJSON(jsonDescriptor);// Obtain a message type
var AwesomeMessage root.lookupType(awesomepackage.AwesomeMessage);// Exemplary payload
var payload { awesomeField: AwesomeString, nameField: AwesomeName};
console.log(payload: JSON.stringify(payload));// Verify the payload if necessary (i.e. when possibly incomplete or invalid)
var errMsg AwesomeMessage.verify(payload);
if (errMsg)throw Error(errMsg);// Create a new message
var message AwesomeMessage.create(payload); // or use .fromObject if conversion is necessary
console.log(create: JSON.stringify(message));// Encode a message to an Uint8Array (browser) or Buffer (node)
var buffer AwesomeMessage.encode(message).finish();
// ... do something with buffer
console.log(encode: JSON.stringify(buffer));// Decode an Uint8Array (browser) or Buffer (node) to a message
var message AwesomeMessage.decode(buffer);
// ... do something with message
console.log(decode: JSON.stringify(message));// If the application uses length-delimited buffers, there is also encodeDelimited and decodeDelimited.// Maybe convert the message back to a plain object
var object AwesomeMessage.toObject(message, {longs: String,enums: String,bytes: String,// see ConversionOptions
});
console.log(toObject: JSON.stringify(object));运行结果如下
4.1.3 加载.js文件方式
通过如下命令转为.proto为对应的.js文件
C:\Users\tomcat\Desktop\testC:\Users\tomcat\Desktop\protobuf.js-protobufjs-v7.2.5\node_modules\.bin\pbjs -t static-module -w commonjs -o awesome.js awesome.proto生成的awesome.js 部分内容如下 编写测试脚本代码如下
var protobuf require(protobufjs);var awesomeProto require(./awesome.js); // exemplary for node
var AwesomeUtils awesomeProto.awesomepackage.AwesomeMessage;// Exemplary payload
var payload { awesomeField: AwesomeString, nameField: AwesomeName};
console.log(payload: JSON.stringify(payload));// Verify the payload if necessary (i.e. when possibly incomplete or invalid)
var errMsg AwesomeUtils.verify(payload);
if (errMsg)throw Error(errMsg);// Create a new message
var message AwesomeUtils.create(payload); // or use .fromObject if conversion is necessary
console.log(create: JSON.stringify(message));// Encode a message to an Uint8Array (browser) or Buffer (node)
var buffer AwesomeUtils.encode(message).finish();
// ... do something with buffer
console.log(encode: JSON.stringify(buffer));// Decode an Uint8Array (browser) or Buffer (node) to a message
var message AwesomeUtils.decode(buffer);
// ... do something with message
console.log(decode: JSON.stringify(message));// If the application uses length-delimited buffers, there is also encodeDelimited and decodeDelimited.// Maybe convert the message back to a plain object
var object AwesomeUtils.toObject(message, {longs: String,enums: String,bytes: String,// see ConversionOptions
});
console.log(toObject: JSON.stringify(object));运行脚本文件如下
node app_awesome.js4.2 例子account.proto
account.proto
// account.proto
package yxy;
syntax proto3;message Account{required string name 1; //帐号名required string pwd 2; //帐号密码
}message AccountList{required int32 index 1;repeated Account list 2;
}4.2.1 create(…)创建对象
app_account.js
var ProtoBufJs require(protobufjs);
var root ProtoBufJs.loadSync(./account.proto);
var AccountList root.lookupType(yxy.AccountList);
var Account root.lookupType(yxy.Account);
var accountListObj AccountList.create();for(var i 0; i 10; i){var accountObj Account.create();accountObj.name 杨小羊_i;accountObj.pwd pwd_i;accountListObj.list.push(accountObj);
}var buffer AccountList.encode(accountListObj).finish();console.log(data: JSON.stringify(accountListObj));
console.log(encode: JSON.stringify(buffer));执行命令如下
node app_account.js4.2.2 fromObject(…)创建对象
var ProtoBufJs require(protobufjs);
var root ProtoBufJs.loadSync(./account.proto);
var AccountList root.lookupType(yxy.AccountList);
var Account root.lookupType(yxy.Account);var accountObj1 Account.fromObject({pwd:666, name:杨小羊});
var accountObj2 Account.fromObject({pwd:777, name:杨大羊});
var accountObj3 Account.fromObject({pwd:888, name:杨胖羊});
var accountListObj AccountList.fromObject({index:0, list:[accountObj1,accountObj2,accountObj3]});
var buffer AccountList.encode(accountListObj).finish();console.log(data: JSON.stringify(accountListObj));
console.log(encode: JSON.stringify(buffer));执行结果如下
4.3 例子hello.proto udp
hello.proto
package yxy;
message helloworld
{message helloReq { required string name 1; }message helloRsp{required int32 retcode 1;optional string reply 2;}
}4.3.1 服务端yxy_server.js
yxy_server.js
var ProtoBuf require(protobufjs);
var dgram require(dgram);
var PORT 8080;
var HOST 127.0.0.1;var server dgram.createSocket(udp4);
var root ProtoBuf.loadSync(./hello.proto);
var HelloReq root.lookupType(yxy.helloworld.helloReq);
var HelloRsp root.lookupType(yxy.helloworld.helloRsp);server.on(listening, function () {var address server.address();console.log(UDP Server listening on address.address : address.port);
});server.on(message, function (message, remote) {console.log(remote.address : remote.port - message);console.log(HelloReq.decode(message) from client!);var hCReq HelloRsp.fromObject({retcode:200, reply:Yeah!I\m 杨小羊!});var message HelloRsp.encode(hCReq).finish();server.send(message, 0, message.length, remote.port, remote.address, function (err, bytes) {if (err) {throw err;}console.log(UDP message reply to remote.address : remote.port);})
});server.bind(PORT, HOST);4.3.2 客户端yxy_client.js
var dgram require(dgram);
var ProtoBuf require(protobufjs);
var PORT 8080;
var HOST 127.0.0.1;var root ProtoBuf.loadSync(./hello.proto);
var HelloReq root.lookupType(yxy.helloworld.helloReq);
var HelloRsp root.lookupType(yxy.helloworld.helloRsp);var hCReq HelloReq.fromObject({name:杨小羊});
var buffer HelloReq.encode(hCReq).finish();
message buffer; var socket dgram.createSocket({type: udp4,fd: PORT
}, function (err, message) {if (err) {console.log(err);}console.log(message);
});socket.send(message, 0, message.length, PORT, HOST, function (err, bytes) {if (err) {throw err;}console.log(UDP message sent to HOST : PORT);
});socket.on(message, function (msg, rinfo) {console.log([Client] Received message: HelloRsp.decode(msg).reply from rinfo.address : rinfo.port);console.log(HelloRsp.decode(msg));socket.close();
});socket.on(close, function () {console.log(socket closed.);
});socket.on(error, function (err) {socket.close();console.log(socket err);console.log(err);
});4.4 例子user.proto tcp
user.proto
syntax proto3;
package yxy;message Login {required string name 1;required string pwd 2;
}
message Address{string province 1;string city 2;string country 3;
}4.4.1 服务端yxy_tcpserver.js
yxy_tcpserver.js
const net require(net);
const protobuf require(protobufjs);
const PORT 9090;
const HOST 127.0.0.1;protobuf.load(./user.proto, (err, root) {if (err) throw err;const LoginMessage root.lookupType(yxy.Login);const server net.createServer((socket) {console.log(New client connected);socket.on(data, (data) {// 解码数据 const message LoginMessage.decode(data);// 在这里处理消息console.log(message);// 编码响应 const responseData LoginMessage.encode({name: 杨小羊,pwd: 123456}).finish();// 将响应写回到连接 socket.write(responseData);});socket.on(close, () {console.log(Client disconnected);});});server.listen(PORT, () {console.log(Server listening on localhost:${PORT});});
});4.4.2 客户端yxy_tcpclient.js
yxy_tcpclient.js
const net require(net);
const protobuf require(protobufjs);
const PORT 9090;
const HOST 127.0.0.1;protobuf.load(./user.proto, (err, root) {if (err) throw err;const LoginMessage root.lookupType(yxy.Login);const client net.createConnection({port: PORT}, () {console.log(Connected to server);// 编码数据 const data LoginMessage.encode({name: 爱看书的小沐,pwd: 666666}).finish();// 将数据写到连接 client.write(data);});client.on(data, (data) {// 解码服务器的响应 const message LoginMessage.decode(data);// 在这里处理响应 console.log(message);});client.on(close, () {console.log(Connection closed);});
});结语
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