erp网站代做,wordpress工具栏移到底部,百度网站结构,网站建设大赛策划书参考链接#xff1a; Python中的Inplace运算符| 1(iadd()#xff0c;isub()#xff0c;iconcat()…)
什么是操作符#xff1f; 简单的回答可以使用表达式4 5等于9#xff0c;在这里4和5被称为操作数#xff0c;被称为操符。 Python语言支持操作者有以下几种类型。 算…参考链接 Python中的Inplace运算符| 1(iadd()isub()iconcat()…)
什么是操作符 简单的回答可以使用表达式4 5等于9在这里4和5被称为操作数被称为操符。 Python语言支持操作者有以下几种类型。 算术运算符 比较(即关系)运算符 赋值运算符 逻辑运算符 位运算符 会员操作符 标识操作符 让我们逐一看看所有的运算符。 Python算术运算符 操作符描述符例子加法 - 对操作符的两侧增加值a b 30-减法 - 减去从左侧操作数右侧操作数a - b -10*乘法 - 相乘的运算符两侧的值a * b 200/除 - 由右侧操作数除以左侧操作数b / a 2%模 - 由右侧操作数和余返回除以左侧操作数b % a 0**指数- 执行对操作指数幂的计算a**b 10 的幂 20//地板除 - 操作数的除法其中结果是将小数点后的位数被除去的商。9//2 4 而 9.0//2.0 4.0 #!/usr/bin/python a 21
b 10
c 0 c a b
print Line 1 - Value of c is , c c a - b
print Line 2 - Value of c is , c c a * b
print Line 3 - Value of c is , c c a / b
print Line 4 - Value of c is , c c a % b
print Line 5 - Value of c is , c a 2
b 3
c a**b
print Line 6 - Value of c is , c a 10
b 5
c a//b
print Line 7 - Value of c is , c 算术运算符示例 Line 1 - Value of c is 31
Line 2 - Value of c is 11
Line 3 - Value of c is 210
Line 4 - Value of c is 2
Line 5 - Value of c is 1
Line 6 - Value of c is 8
Line 7 - Value of c is 2 算术运算结果 Python的比较操作符 运算符描述示例检查两个操作数的值是否相等如果是则条件变为真。(a b) 不为 true.!检查两个操作数的值是否相等如果值不相等则条件变为真。(a ! b) 为 true.检查两个操作数的值是否相等如果值不相等则条件变为真。(a b) 为 true。这个类似于 ! 运算符检查左操作数的值是否大于右操作数的值如果是则条件成立。(a b) 不为 true.检查左操作数的值是否小于右操作数的值如果是则条件成立。(a b) 为 true.检查左操作数的值是否大于或等于右操作数的值如果是则条件成立。(a b) 不为 true.检查左操作数的值是否小于或等于右操作数的值如果是则条件成立。(a b) 为 true. #!/usr/bin/python a 21
b 10
c 0 if ( a b ): print Line 1 - a is equal to b
else: print Line 1 - a is not equal to b if ( a ! b ): print Line 2 - a is not equal to b
else: print Line 2 - a is equal to b if ( a b ): print Line 3 - a is not equal to b
else: print Line 3 - a is equal to b if ( a b ): print Line 4 - a is less than b
else: print Line 4 - a is not less than b if ( a b ): print Line 5 - a is greater than b
else: print Line 5 - a is not greater than b a 5;
b 20;
if ( a b ): print Line 6 - a is either less than or equal to b
else: print Line 6 - a is neither less than nor equal to b if ( b a ): print Line 7 - b is either greater than or equal to b
else: print Line 7 - b is neither greater than nor equal to b 比较操作符运算示例 Line 1 - a is not equal to b
Line 2 - a is not equal to b
Line 3 - a is not equal to b
Line 4 - a is not less than b
Line 5 - a is greater than b
Line 6 - a is either less than or equal to b
Line 7 - b is either greater than or equal to b 比较操作符结果 Python赋值运算符 运算符描述示例简单的赋值运算符赋值从右侧操作数左侧操作数c a b将指定的值 a b 到 c加法AND赋值操作符它增加了右操作数左操作数和结果赋给左操作数c a 相当于 c c a-减AND赋值操作符它减去右边的操作数从左边操作数并将结果赋给左操作数c - a 相当于 c c - a*乘法AND赋值操作符它乘以右边的操作数与左操作数并将结果赋给左操作数c * a 相当于 c c * a/除法AND赋值操作符它把左操作数与正确的操作数并将结果赋给左操作数c / a 相当于 c / a%模量AND赋值操作符它需要使用两个操作数的模量和分配结果左操作数c % a is equivalent to c c % a**指数AND赋值运算符执行指数功率计算操作符和赋值给左操作数c ** a 相当于 c c ** a//地板除并分配一个值执行地板除对操作和赋值给左操作数c // a 相当于 c c // a #!/usr/bin/python a 21
b 10
c 0 c a b
print Line 1 - Value of c is , c c a
print Line 2 - Value of c is , c c * a
print Line 3 - Value of c is , c c / a
print Line 4 - Value of c is , c c 2
c % a
print Line 5 - Value of c is , c c ** a
print Line 6 - Value of c is , c c // a
print Line 7 - Value of c is , c #----------------------结果-----------------------
Line 1 - Value of c is 31
Line 2 - Value of c is 52
Line 3 - Value of c is 1092
Line 4 - Value of c is 52
Line 5 - Value of c is 2
Line 6 - Value of c is 2097152
Line 7 - Value of c is 99864 赋值运算示例 Python位运算符 位运算符作用于位和位操作执行位。假设如果a 60;且b 13;现在以二进制格式它们将如下 a 0011 1100 b 0000 1101 ----------------- ab 0000 1100 a|b 0011 1101 a^b 0011 0001 ~a 1100 0011 Python语言支持下位运算符 操作符描述示例二进制和复制操作了一下结果如果它存在于两个操作数。(a b) 12 即 0000 1100|二进制或复制操作了一个比特如果它存在一个操作数中。(a | b) 61 即 0011 1101^二进制异或运算符的副本如果它被设置在一个操作数而不是两个比特。(a ^ b) 49 即 0011 0001~二进制的补运算符是一元的并有“翻转”位的效果。(~a ) -61 即 1100 0011以2的补码形式由于带符号二进制数。二进位向左移位运算符。左操作数的值左移由右操作数指定的位数。a 2 240 即 1111 0000二进位向右移位运算符。左操作数的值是由右操作数指定的位数向右移动。a 2 15 即 0000 1111 #!/usr/bin/python a 60 # 60 0011 1100
b 13 # 13 0000 1101
c 0 c a b; # 12 0000 1100
print Line 1 - Value of c is , c c a | b; # 61 0011 1101
print Line 2 - Value of c is , c c a ^ b; # 49 0011 0001
print Line 3 - Value of c is , c c ~a; # -61 1100 0011
print Line 4 - Value of c is , c c a 2; # 240 1111 0000
print Line 5 - Value of c is , c c a 2; # 15 0000 1111
print Line 6 - Value of c is , c #--------------------------------结果-------------------------
Line 1 - Value of c is 12
Line 2 - Value of c is 61
Line 3 - Value of c is 49
Line 4 - Value of c is -61
Line 5 - Value of c is 240
Line 6 - Value of c is 15 位运算符 Python逻辑运算符 Python语言支持以下逻辑运算符。 运算符描述示例and所谓逻辑与运算符。如果两个操作数都是真的那么则条件成立。(a and b) 为 true.or所谓逻辑OR运算符。如果有两个操作数都是非零然后再条件变为真。(a or b) 为 true.not所谓逻辑非运算符。用于反转操作数的逻辑状态。如果一个条件为真则逻辑非运算符将返回false。not(a and b) 为 false. #!/usr/bin/python a 10
b 20
c 0 if ( a and b ): print Line 1 - a and b are true
else: print Line 1 - Either a is not true or b is not true if ( a or b ): print Line 2 - Either a is true or b is true or both are true
else: print Line 2 - Neither a is true nor b is true a 0
if ( a and b ): print Line 3 - a and b are true
else: print Line 3 - Either a is not true or b is not true if ( a or b ): print Line 4 - Either a is true or b is true or both are true
else: print Line 4 - Neither a is true nor b is true if not( a and b ): print Line 5 - Either a is not true or b is not true
else: print Line 5 - a and b are true #---------------------------结果--------------------------------------
Line 1 - a and b are true
Line 2 - Either a is true or b is true or both are true
Line 3 - Either a is not true or b is not true
Line 4 - Either a is true or b is true or both are true
Line 5 - Either a is not true or b is not true 逻辑运算示例 Python成员运算符 Python成员运算符在一个序列中成员资格的测试如字符串列表或元组。有两个成员运算符解释如下 操作符描述示例in计算结果为true如果它在指定找到变量的顺序否则false。x在y中在这里产生一个1如果x是序列y的成员。not in计算结果为true如果它不找到在指定的变量顺序否则为false。x不在y中这里产生结果不为1如果x不是序列y的成员。 #!/usr/bin/python a 10
b 20
list [1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]; if ( a in list ): print Line 1 - a is available in the given list
else: print Line 1 - a is not available in the given list if ( b not in list ): print Line 2 - b is not available in the given list
else: print Line 2 - b is available in the given list a 2
if ( a in list ): print Line 3 - a is available in the given list
else: print Line 3 - a is not available in the given list #------------结果--------------------------------------
Line 1 - a is not available in the given list
Line 2 - b is not available in the given list
Line 3 - a is available in the given list 成员运算示例 Python标识运算符 运算符描述例子is计算结果为true如果操作符两侧的变量指向相同的对象否则为false。x是y这里结果是1如果idx的值为idy。is not计算结果为false如果两侧的变量操作符指向相同的对象否则为true。x不为y这里结果不是1当idx不等于idy。 #!/usr/bin/python a 20
b 20 if ( a is b ): print Line 1 - a and b have same identity
else: print Line 1 - a and b do not have same identity if ( id(a) id(b) ): print Line 2 - a and b have same identity
else: print Line 2 - a and b do not have same identity b 30
if ( a is b ): print Line 3 - a and b have same identity
else: print Line 3 - a and b do not have same identity if ( a is not b ): print Line 4 - a and b do not have same identity
else: print Line 4 - a and b have same identity #--------------------结果-------------------------------------------
Line 1 - a and b have same identity
Line 2 - a and b have same identity
Line 3 - a and b do not have same identity
Line 4 - a and b do not have same identity 标识运算符示例 Python运算符优先级 下表列出了所有运算符从最高优先级到最低。 运算符描述**幂提高到指数~ -补码一元加号和减号方法名的最后两个和 - * / % //乘除取模和地板除 -加法和减法 左右按位转移位AND^ |按位异或和定期或 比较运算符 !等式运算符 % / // - * **赋值运算符is is not标识运算符in not in成员运算符not or and逻辑运算符 优先级 #!/usr/bin/python a 20
b 10
c 15
d 5
e 0 e (a b) * c / d #( 30 * 15 ) / 5
print Value of (a b) * c / d is , e e ((a b) * c) / d # (30 * 15 ) / 5
print Value of ((a b) * c) / d is , e e (a b) * (c / d); # (30) * (15/5)
print Value of (a b) * (c / d) is , e e a (b * c) / d; # 20 (150/5)
print Value of a (b * c) / d is , e #-------------结果------------------------
Value of (a b) * c / d is 90
Value of ((a b) * c) / d is 90
Value of (a b) * (c / d) is 90
Value of a (b * c) / d is 50 运算符优先级示例 数据类型和内置的功能 常用类功能查看方法 在pycharm里面 输入class的名称 按住ctrl 单击会自己跳转到对应的class源码里面。 一、整数int的命令汇总 class int(object): int(x0) - integer int(x, base10) - integer Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments are given. If x is a number, return x.__int__(). For floating point numbers, this truncates towards zero. If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string, bytes, or bytearray instance representing an integer literal in the given base. The literal can be preceded by or - and be surrounded by whitespace. The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36. Base 0 means to interpret the base from the string as an integer literal. int(0b100, base0) def bit_length(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ int.bit_length() - int Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary. 案例 bin(37) 0b100101 (37).bit_length() return 0 def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int. 返回共轭复数 a37 resulta.conjugate() print (result) a-37 print(a.conjugate()) -37 pass classmethod # known case def from_bytes(cls, bytes, byteorder, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown; NOTE: unreliably restored from __doc__ 不知道什么作用 a.from_bytes built-in method from_bytes of type object at 0x000000001E283A30 ba.from_bytes print(b) built-in method from_bytes of type object at 0x000000001E283A30 a37 ba.from_bytes() Traceback (most recent call last): File pyshell#18, line 1, in module ba.from_bytes() TypeError: Required argument bytes (pos 1) not found 加后会报错。 int.from_bytes(bytes, byteorder, *, signedFalse) - int Return the integer represented by the given array of bytes. The bytes argument must be a bytes-like object (e.g. bytes or bytearray). The byteorder argument determines the byte order used to represent the integer. If byteorder is big, the most significant byte is at the beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is little, the most significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native byte order of the host system, use sys.byteorder as the byte order value. The signed keyword-only argument indicates whether twos complement is used to represent the integer. pass def to_bytes(self, length, byteorder, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown; NOTE: unreliably restored from __doc__ int.to_bytes(length, byteorder, *, signedFalse) - bytes Return an array of bytes representing an integer. The integer is represented using length bytes. An OverflowError is raised if the integer is not representable with the given number of bytes. The byteorder argument determines the byte order used to represent the integer. If byteorder is big, the most significant byte is at the beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is little, the most significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native byte order of the host system, use sys.byteorder as the byte order value. The signed keyword-only argument determines whether twos complement is used to represent the integer. If signed is False and a negative integer is given, an OverflowError is raised. pass def __abs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown abs(self) 取绝对值 a-50 print(a.__abs__()) pass def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. 相加 a-50 print(a.__add__(100)) pass def __and__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. a255 print(bin(a)) 0b11111111 b128 print(bin(b)) 0b10000000 print(a.__and__(b)) 进行二进制的与运算 pass def __bool__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown self ! 0 计算布尔值只要不为0结果就是True a35 print(a.__bool__()) True a0 print(a.__bool__()) False a-100 print(a.__bool__()) True pass def __ceil__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Ceiling of an Integral returns itself. pass def __divmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return divmod(self, value). a91 print(a.__divmod__(9)) (10, 1) pass def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. a91 print(a.__eq__(90)) False 判断是否相等返回bool值 pass def __float__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown float(self) 转换为浮点数 pass def __floordiv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self//value. 返回等于或小于代数商的最大整数值 a91 print(a.__floordiv__(9)) pass def __floor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Flooring an Integral returns itself. pass def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown pass def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return getattr(self, name). pass def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown pass def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. 判断大于等于某值的真假 pass def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. 判断大于某值的真假 pass def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return hash(self). a91029393 print(a.__hash__()) 不知道什么原因输入的结果均为自己 pass def __index__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self converted to an integer, if self is suitable for use as an index into a list. pass def __init__(self, x, base10): # known special case of int.__init__ int(x0) - integer int(x, base10) - integer Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments are given. If x is a number, return x.__int__(). For floating point numbers, this truncates towards zero. If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string, bytes, or bytearray instance representing an integer literal in the given base. The literal can be preceded by or - and be surrounded by whitespace. The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36. Base 0 means to interpret the base from the string as an integer literal. int(0b100, base0) # (copied from class doc) pass def __int__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown int(self) pass def __invert__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ~self a91 print(a.__invert__()) -92 a-90 print(a.__invert__()) a90 print(a.__neg__()) -90 a-90 print(a.__neg__()) pass def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __lshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. 对二进制数值进行位移 a2 print(bin(a)) 0b10 ba.__lshift__(2) print(b) print(bin(b)) 0b1000 ca.__rshift__(1) print(bin(c)) 0b1 b c pass def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self%value. a91 print(a.__mod__(9)) pass def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self*value. 乘法的意思 a91 print(a.__mul__(9)) print(a.__mul__(2)) pass def __neg__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown -self 负数 a91 print(a.__invert__()) -92 a-90 print(a.__invert__()) a90 print(a.__neg__()) -90 a-90 print(a.__neg__()) pass staticmethod # known case of __new__ def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. pass def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self!value. 判断不等于 pass def __or__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self|value. a255 bin(a) 0b11111111 b128 bin(b) 0b10000000 ca.__or__(b) print(c) bin(c) 0b11111111 pass def __pos__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown self pass def __pow__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return pow(self, value, mod). pass def __radd__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return valueself. pass def __rand__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return valueself. pass def __rdivmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return divmod(value, self). pass def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return repr(self). pass def __rfloordiv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return value//self. pass def __rlshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return valueself. pass def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return value%self. pass def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return value*self. pass def __ror__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return value|self. pass def __round__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Rounding an Integral returns itself. Rounding with an ndigits argument also returns an integer. pass def __rpow__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return pow(value, self, mod). pass def __rrshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return valueself. pass def __rshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __rsub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return value-self. pass def __rtruediv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return value/self. a90 print(a.__truediv__(8)) 11.25 print(a.__div__(8)) pass def __rxor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return value^self. pass def __sizeof__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Returns size in memory, in bytes pass def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return str(self). pass def __sub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self-value. pass def __truediv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self/value. pass def __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Truncating an Integral returns itself. pass def __xor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self^value. 二进制异或 pass denominator property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms imag property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default the imaginary part of a complex number numerator property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms real property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default the real part of a complex number class int 二、浮点型float的命令汇总 class float(object): float(x) - floating point number Convert a string or number to a floating point number, if possible. def as_integer_ratio(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ float.as_integer_ratio() - (int, int) 输出一对除于等于浮点数的整数 Return a pair of integers, whose ratio is exactly equal to the original float and with a positive denominator. Raise OverflowError on infinities and a ValueError on NaNs. (10.0).as_integer_ratio() (10, 1) (0.0).as_integer_ratio() (0, 1) (-.25).as_integer_ratio() (-1, 4) pass def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self, the complex conjugate of any float. a0.000000001 a.conjugate() 1e-09 pass staticmethod # known case def fromhex(string): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ float.fromhex(string) - float 十六进制文档转为10十进制浮点数 Create a floating-point number from a hexadecimal string. float.fromhex(0x1.ffffp10) 2047.984375 float.fromhex(-0x1p-1074) -5e-324 return 0.0 def hex(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ float.hex() - string 转为十六进制 Return a hexadecimal representation of a floating-point number. (-0.1).hex() -0x1.999999999999ap-4 3.14159.hex() 0x1.921f9f01b866ep1 return def is_integer(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return True if the float is an integer. 判断是否整数 a10.0000 a.is_integer() True a10.0001 a.is_integer() False pass def __abs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown abs(self) 绝对值 pass def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. 求和 pass def __bool__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown self ! 0 布尔非0时候为真 pass def __divmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return divmod(self, value). a91.0001 print(a.__divmod__(9)) (10.0, 1.0001000000000033) pass def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __float__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown float(self) pass def __floordiv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self//value. pass def __format__(self, format_spec): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ float.__format__(format_spec) - string Formats the float according to format_spec. return def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return getattr(self, name). pass def __getformat__(self, typestr): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ float.__getformat__(typestr) - string You probably dont want to use this function. It exists mainly to be used in Pythons test suite. typestr must be double or float. This function returns whichever of unknown, IEEE, big-endian or IEEE, little-endian best describes the format of floating point numbers used by the C type named by typestr. return def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown pass def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return hash(self). print(a.__hash__()) pass def __init__(self, x): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ pass def __int__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown int(self) pass def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self%value. pass def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self*value. pass def __neg__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown -self pass staticmethod # known case of __new__ def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. pass def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self!value. pass def __pos__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown self pass def __pow__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return pow(self, value, mod). pass def __radd__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return valueself. pass def __rdivmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return divmod(value, self). pass def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return repr(self). pass def __rfloordiv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return value//self. pass def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return value%self. pass def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return value*self. pass def __round__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return the Integral closest to x, rounding half toward even. When an argument is passed, work like built-in round(x, ndigits). pass def __rpow__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return pow(value, self, mod). pass def __rsub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return value-self. pass def __rtruediv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return value/self. pass def __setformat__(self, typestr, fmt): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ float.__setformat__(typestr, fmt) - None You probably dont want to use this function. It exists mainly to be used in Pythons test suite. typestr must be double or float. fmt must be one of unknown, IEEE, big-endian or IEEE, little-endian, and in addition can only be one of the latter two if it appears to match the underlying C reality. Override the automatic determination of C-level floating point type. This affects how floats are converted to and from binary strings. pass def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return str(self). pass def __sub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self-value. pass def __truediv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self/value. pass def __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return the Integral closest to x between 0 and x. 转为整数不用四舍五入 a91.49999999 print(a.__trunc__()) a91.500000001 print(a.__trunc__()) a91.999999999 print(a.__trunc__()) pass imag property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default the imaginary part of a complex number real property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default the real part of a complex number class float 三、字符串Str的命令汇总 str class str(object): str(object) - str str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) - str Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler. Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined) or repr(object). encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding(). errors defaults to strict. def capitalize(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 第一个字母转换为大写 awinter print(a.capitalize()) Winter S.capitalize() - str Return a capitalized version of S, i.e. make the first character have upper case and the rest lower case. return def casefold(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 把所有的大小字面转换为小写字母 aWinter print(a.casefold()) winter aWinterSam print(a.casefold()) wintersam S.casefold() - str Return a version of S suitable for caseless comparisons. return def center(self, width, fillcharNone): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ a.center(40,*) *****************Winter***************** S.center(width[, fillchar]) - str Return S centered in a string of length width. Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space) return def count(self, sub, startNone, endNone): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ aReturn S centered in a string of length width. Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space) a.count(a) a.count(s) a.count(a,0,40) a.count(a,0,140) a.count(a,0,80) a.count(a,0,120) a.count(a,80,120) a.count(Return) S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) - int Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. return 0 def encode(self, encodingutf-8, errorsstrict): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.encode(encodingutf-8, errorsstrict) - bytes 查看http://www.cnblogs.com/wintershen/p/6673828.html Encode S using the codec registered for encoding. Default encoding is utf-8. errors may be given to set a different error handling scheme. Default is strict meaning that encoding errors raise a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are ignore, replace and xmlcharrefreplace as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors. return b def endswith(self, suffix, startNone, endNone): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) - bool 判断 最后一个是否为输入的 aReturn S centered in a string of length width. Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space) a.endswith(n) False a.endswith()) True Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try. return False def expandtabs(self, tabsize8): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.expandtabs(tabsize8) - str 把tab 转为为8个空格 Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces. If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed. return def find(self, sub, startNone, endNone): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) - int aReturn S centered in a string of length width. Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space) a.find(Return) a.find(space) a.find(winter) -1 Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Return -1 on failure. return 0 def format(self, *args, **kwargs): # known special case of str.format S.format(*args, **kwargs) - str Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs. The substitutions are identified by braces ({ and }). pass def format_map(self, mapping): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.format_map(mapping) - str Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping. The substitutions are identified by braces ({ and }). return def index(self, sub, startNone, endNone): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) - int a.index(Return) a.index(space) a.index(winter) Traceback (most recent call last): File pyshell#46, line 1, in module a.index(winter) ValueError: substring not found Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found. return 0 def isalnum(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.isalnum() - bool 判断是否数字包括二进制八进制十六进制的数字 Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. return False def isalpha(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.isalpha() - bool 判断是否字母只能全部均为字母 aa a.isalpha() True aabc a.isalpha() True aabc abc a.isalpha() False Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. return False def isdecimal(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.isdecimal() - bool a1000 a.isdecimal() True a0xff a.isdecimal() False a.isalnum() True Return True if there are only decimal characters in S, False otherwise. return False def isdigit(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.isdigit() - bool 判断是否数字 Return True if all characters in S are digits and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. return False def isidentifier(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.isidentifier() - bool 判断是否是一个单独的英文单词 awinter bWinter is a man cWinter Come a.isidentifier() True b.isidentifier() False c.isidentifier() False d100winter d.isidentifier() False ewinter winter False e.isidentifier() fdef f.isidentifier() True gabc g.isidentifier() True Return True if S is a valid identifier according to the language definition. Use keyword.iskeyword() to test for reserved identifiers such as def and class. return False def islower(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.islower() - bool 判断是否全部都是小写字母包括特殊字符空格等等 awinterS bwinter winter cwinterisamanandtherearemuchmore a.islower() False b.islower() True c.islower() True dwinter is a ******* d.islower() True Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is at least one cased character in S, False otherwise. return False def isnumeric(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.isnumeric() - bool 判断是否只是数字 awinter100 bwinter is 100 a.isnumeric() False b.isnumeric() False c123459384949 c.isnumeric() True d0xff d.isnumeric() False Return True if there are only numeric characters in S, False otherwise. return False def isprintable(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.isprintable() - bool 判断是否全部都可以打印 awinter\nwinter print(a) winter winter a.isprintable() False Return True if all characters in S are considered printable in repr() or S is empty, False otherwise. return False def isspace(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.isspace() - bool 判断是否为空 awinter winter b c #tab a.isspace() False b.isspace() True c.isspace() True Return True if all characters in S are whitespace and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. return False def istitle(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.istitle() - bool 判断是否里面每一个单词对应的首字母均为大写 aWinter is coming bWinter Is Coming cwinteriscomIng a.istitle() False b.istitle() True c.istitle() False dWinteriscoming d.istitle() True Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one character in S, i.e. upper- and titlecase characters may only follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return False otherwise. return False def isupper(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.isupper() - bool 判断是否所有字母均为大写字母 Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is at least one cased character in S, False otherwise. return False def join(self, iterable): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.join(iterable) - str 把输入拆开每一个字面把S复制加入到每一个拆开的字符中间 awinter b11111 ca.join(b) print(c) 1winter1winter1winter1winter1 Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the iterable. The separator between elements is S. return def ljust(self, width, fillcharNone): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) - str Return S left-justified in a Unicode string of length width. Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space). return def lower(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.lower() - str Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase. return def lstrip(self, charsNone): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.lstrip([chars]) - str Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed. If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. return def maketrans(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return a translation table usable for str.translate(). If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None. Character keys will be then converted to ordinals. If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result. pass def partition(self, sep): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.partition(sep) - (head, sep, tail) Search for the separator sep in S, and return the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not found, return S and two empty strings. pass def replace(self, old, new, countNone): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.replace(old, new[, count]) - str Return a copy of S with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new. If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are replaced. return def rfind(self, sub, startNone, endNone): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) - int Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Return -1 on failure. return 0 def rindex(self, sub, startNone, endNone): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) - int Like S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found. return 0 def rjust(self, width, fillcharNone): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) - str 插入与center功能类似 awinter a.rjust(40,*) **********************************winter Return S right-justified in a string of length width. Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space). return def rpartition(self, sep): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.rpartition(sep) - (head, sep, tail) 从右向左寻找特定的词语把找的词语有表示出来 a.rpartition(part) (Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and return the part before it, the separator itself, and the , part, after it. If the separator is not found, return two empty strings and S.) print(a) Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and return the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not found, return two empty strings and S. Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and return the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not found, return two empty strings and S. pass def rsplit(self, sepNone, maxsplit-1): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.rsplit(sepNone, maxsplit-1) - list of strings 分割按关键词把对应关键字前后的内容分割为列表。可以设置分割多少个。 a.split(part) [Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and return the , before it, the separator itself, and the , after it. If the separator is not found, return two empty strings and S.] Return a list of the words in S, using sep as the delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and working to the front. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are done. If sep is not specified, any whitespace string is a separator. return [] def rstrip(self, charsNone): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.rstrip([chars]) - str 去掉指定的内容。 Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed. If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. return def split(self, sepNone, maxsplit-1): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.split(sepNone, maxsplit-1) - list of strings Return a list of the words in S, using sep as the delimiter string. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any whitespace string is a separator and empty strings are removed from the result. return [] def splitlines(self, keependsNone): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.splitlines([keepends]) - list of strings 去掉字符串里面的行。 Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries. Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and true. return [] def startswith(self, prefix, startNone, endNone): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) - bool 与endswitch类似查看开头的内容是输入内容。 Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try. return False def strip(self, charsNone): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.strip([chars]) - str Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing whitespace removed. If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. return def swapcase(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.swapcase() - str 大小字母互换。 awinTER a.swapcase() WINter Return a copy of S with uppercase characters converted to lowercase and vice versa. return def title(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.title() - str 把字体转换为标题的格式 awinTER a.title() Winter awinter is coming a.title() Winter Is Coming Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with title case characters, all remaining cased characters have lower case. return def translate(self, table): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.translate(table) - str 转换需要先做一个对应表最后一个表示删除字符集合 intab aeiou outtab 12345 trantab maketrans(intab, outtab) maketrans is not defined in 3.5 str this is string example....wow!!! print str.translate(trantab, xm) Return a copy of the string S in which each character has been mapped through the given translation table. The table must implement lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a dictionary or list, mapping Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, strings, or None. If this operation raises LookupError, the character is left untouched. Characters mapped to None are deleted. return def upper(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.upper() - str Return a copy of S converted to uppercase. return def zfill(self, width): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.zfill(width) - str 输入长度用0补充到对应长度 a.zfill(40) 000000000000000000000 winter a.zfill(8) winter Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the specified width. The string S is never truncated. return def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return key in self. pass def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __format__(self, format_spec): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.__format__(format_spec) - str Return a formatted version of S as described by format_spec. return def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return getattr(self, name). pass def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self[key]. pass def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown pass def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return hash(self). pass def __init__(self, value, encodingNone, errorsstrict): # known special case of str.__init__ str(object) - str str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) - str Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler. Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined) or repr(object). encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding(). errors defaults to strict. # (copied from class doc) pass def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Implement iter(self). pass def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return len(self). pass def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self%value. pass def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self*value.n pass staticmethod # known case of __new__ def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. pass def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self!value. pass def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return repr(self). pass def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return value%self. pass def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self*value. pass def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.__sizeof__() - size of S in memory, in bytes pass def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return str(self). pass class str 四、列表List的命令汇总 class list(object): list() - new empty list list(iterable) - new list initialized from iterables items def append(self, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ L.append(object) - None -- append object to end 添加最后。 a[1,2,] print(a) [1, 2] a.append(winter) print(a) [1, 2, winter] a.append(winter2,) print(a) [1, 2, winter, winter2] pass def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ L.clear() - None -- remove all items from L print(a) [1, 2, winter, winter2] a.clear() print(a) [] pass def copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ L.copy() - list -- a shallow copy of L a[winter,1,2,0,] a.copy() [winter, 1, 2, 0] print() print(a) [winter, 1, 2, 0] b[winter,] a.copy(b) ba.copy() print(b) [winter, 1, 2, 0] return [] def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ L.count(value) - integer -- return number of occurrences of value print(b) [winter, 1, 2, 0] b.count(1) b.count(3) b.count(winter) return 0 def extend(self, iterable): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ L.extend(iterable) - None -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable a[1,2,3] a.extend(1111) print(a) [1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1] a.extend([2,2]) print(a) [1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2] pass def index(self, value, startNone, stopNone): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) - integer -- return first index of value. Raises ValueError if the value is not present. return 0 def insert(self, index, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index 插入到制定的位置 pass def pop(self, indexNone): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ L.pop([index]) - item -- remove and return item at index (default last). Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range. print(a) [1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1] a.extend([2,2]) print(a) [1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2] ba.pop() print(a) [1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2] print(b) ca.pop(1) print(a) [1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2] print(c) pass def remove(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ L.remove(value) - None -- remove first occurrence of value. Raises ValueError if the value is not present. print(a) [1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2] ba.remove(1) print(b) None print(a) [1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 2] a.insert(1,1) Traceback (most recent call last): File pyshell#70, line 1, in module a.insert(1,1) TypeError: str object cannot be interpreted as an integer a.insert(1,1) SyntaxError: unexpected indent a.insert(1,1) print(a) [1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 2] a.remove(1) print(a) [1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 2] a.remove(99) Traceback (most recent call last): File pyshell#76, line 1, in module a.remove(99) ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list pass def reverse(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE* print(a) [2, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1] a.reverse() print(a) [1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 2] pass def sort(self, keyNone, reverseFalse): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ L.sort(keyNone, reverseFalse) - None -- stable sort *IN PLACE* 排序不能同时对字符串和数值排序 print(a) [1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 2] a.sort() Traceback (most recent call last): File pyshell#83, line 1, in module a.sort() TypeError: unorderable types: str() int() a.sort() Traceback (most recent call last): File pyshell#84, line 1, in module a.sort() TypeError: unorderable types: str() int() b[1,2,3,4,5,6,99,10,89] b.sort() print(b) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 89, 99] c[winter,winter2,eirc] c.sort() print(c) [eirc, winter, winter2] dc.extend([14,3,5,1]) print(d) None print(c) [eirc, winter, winter2, 14, 3, 5, 1] c.sort() Traceback (most recent call last): File pyshell#94, line 1, in module c.sort() TypeError: unorderable types: int() str() pass def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. a[1,2,3] a.__add__([1,2]) [1, 2, 3, 1, 2] pass def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return key in self. a.__contains__(5) False pass def __delitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Delete self[key]. 删除指定的数值 pass def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return getattr(self, name). pass def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ x.__getitem__(y) x[y] pass def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __iadd__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Implement selfvalue. pass def __imul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Implement self*value. pass def __init__(self, seq()): # known special case of list.__init__ list() - new empty list list(iterable) - new list initialized from iterables items # (copied from class doc) pass def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Implement iter(self). pass def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return len(self). pass def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self*value.n pass staticmethod # known case of __new__ def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. pass def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self!value. pass def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return repr(self). pass def __reversed__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ L.__reversed__() -- return a reverse iterator over the list pass def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self*value. pass def __setitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Set self[key] to value. pass def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ L.__sizeof__() -- size of L in memory, in bytes pass __hash__ None class list 五、元组tuple的命令汇总 class list(object): list() - new empty list list(iterable) - new list initialized from iterables items def append(self, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ L.append(object) - None -- append object to end 添加最后。 a[1,2,] print(a) [1, 2] a.append(winter) print(a) [1, 2, winter] a.append(winter2,) print(a) [1, 2, winter, winter2] pass def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ L.clear() - None -- remove all items from L print(a) [1, 2, winter, winter2] a.clear() print(a) [] pass def copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ L.copy() - list -- a shallow copy of L a[winter,1,2,0,] a.copy() [winter, 1, 2, 0] print() print(a) [winter, 1, 2, 0] b[winter,] a.copy(b) ba.copy() print(b) [winter, 1, 2, 0] return [] def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ L.count(value) - integer -- return number of occurrences of value print(b) [winter, 1, 2, 0] b.count(1) b.count(3) b.count(winter) return 0 def extend(self, iterable): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ L.extend(iterable) - None -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable a[1,2,3] a.extend(1111) print(a) [1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1] a.extend([2,2]) print(a) [1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2] pass def index(self, value, startNone, stopNone): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) - integer -- return first index of value. Raises ValueError if the value is not present. return 0 def insert(self, index, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index 插入到制定的位置 pass def pop(self, indexNone): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ L.pop([index]) - item -- remove and return item at index (default last). Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range. print(a) [1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1] a.extend([2,2]) print(a) [1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2] ba.pop() print(a) [1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2] print(b) ca.pop(1) print(a) [1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2] print(c) pass def remove(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ L.remove(value) - None -- remove first occurrence of value. Raises ValueError if the value is not present. print(a) [1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2] ba.remove(1) print(b) None print(a) [1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 2] a.insert(1,1) Traceback (most recent call last): File pyshell#70, line 1, in module a.insert(1,1) TypeError: str object cannot be interpreted as an integer a.insert(1,1) SyntaxError: unexpected indent a.insert(1,1) print(a) [1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 2] a.remove(1) print(a) [1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 2] a.remove(99) Traceback (most recent call last): File pyshell#76, line 1, in module a.remove(99) ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list pass def reverse(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE* print(a) [2, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1] a.reverse() print(a) [1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 2] pass def sort(self, keyNone, reverseFalse): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ L.sort(keyNone, reverseFalse) - None -- stable sort *IN PLACE* 排序不能同时对字符串和数值排序 print(a) [1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 2] a.sort() Traceback (most recent call last): File pyshell#83, line 1, in module a.sort() TypeError: unorderable types: str() int() a.sort() Traceback (most recent call last): File pyshell#84, line 1, in module a.sort() TypeError: unorderable types: str() int() b[1,2,3,4,5,6,99,10,89] b.sort() print(b) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 89, 99] c[winter,winter2,eirc] c.sort() print(c) [eirc, winter, winter2] dc.extend([14,3,5,1]) print(d) None print(c) [eirc, winter, winter2, 14, 3, 5, 1] c.sort() Traceback (most recent call last): File pyshell#94, line 1, in module c.sort() TypeError: unorderable types: int() str() pass def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. a[1,2,3] a.__add__([1,2]) [1, 2, 3, 1, 2] pass def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return key in self. a.__contains__(5) False pass def __delitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Delete self[key]. 删除指定的数值 pass def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return getattr(self, name). pass def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ x.__getitem__(y) x[y] pass def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __iadd__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Implement selfvalue. pass def __imul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Implement self*value. pass def __init__(self, seq()): # known special case of list.__init__ list() - new empty list list(iterable) - new list initialized from iterables items # (copied from class doc) pass def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Implement iter(self). pass def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return len(self). pass def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self*value.n pass staticmethod # known case of __new__ def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. pass def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self!value. pass def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return repr(self). pass def __reversed__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ L.__reversed__() -- return a reverse iterator over the list pass def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self*value. pass def __setitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Set self[key] to value. pass def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ L.__sizeof__() -- size of L in memory, in bytes pass __hash__ None class tuple 六、字典dict的命令汇总 字典为无序的。 创建字典 dic1‘winter:1,winter2:2} class dict(object): dict() - new empty dictionary dict(mapping) - new dictionary initialized from a mapping objects (key, value) pairs dict(iterable) - new dictionary initialized as if via: d {} for k, v in iterable: d[k] v dict(**kwargs) - new dictionary initialized with the namevalue pairs in the keyword argument list. For example: dict(one1, two2) def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ D.clear() - None. Remove all items from D. pass def copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ D.copy() - a shallow copy of D 无法理解有什么作用 a{winter:1,winter2:2} ba print(b) {winter: 1, winter2: 2} ba.copy() print(b) {winter: 1, winter2: 2} pass staticmethod # known case def fromkeys(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Returns a new dict with keys from iterable and values equal to value. 获取对应的字典里面的keys。 c{111: 1, 222: 2} c.fromkeys(a) {winter: None, winter2: None} print(c) {111: 1, 222: 2} print(a) {winter: 1, winter2: 2} d{www:1} d.fromkeys(c) {111: None, 222: None} pass def get(self, k, dNone): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ D.get(k[,d]) - D[k] if k in D, else d. d defaults to None. print(c) {111: 1, 222: 2} c.get(111) c.get(222) c.get(winter) c.get(winter,nothing) nothing pass def items(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ D.items() - a set-like object providing a view on Ds items c.items() dict_items([(111, 1), (222, 2)]) ec.items() print(e) dict_items([(111, 1), (222, 2)]) e[0] Traceback (most recent call last): File pyshell#141, line 1, in module e[0] TypeError: dict_items object does not support indexing type(e) class dict_items pass def keys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ D.keys() - a set-like object providing a view on Ds keys 获取所有的keys的值 ca.keys() print(c) dict_keys([winter, winter2]) type(c) class dict_keys pass def pop(self, k, dNone): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ D.pop(k[,d]) - v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value. If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised a {winter: 1, winter2: 2} ca.pop(winter) print(c) print(a) {winter2: 2} pass def popitem(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ D.popitem() - (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a 2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty. 弹出注意popitem是从前向后弹出而其他的pop是从后向前弹。 a{winter: 1, winter2: 2} ca.popitem() print(c) (winter, 1) print(a) {winter2: 2} a[1,2,3,4] ca.pop() print(a) [1, 2, 3] print(c) pass def setdefault(self, k, dNone): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ D.setdefault(k[,d]) - D.get(k,d), also set D[k]d if k not in D 设置key的值如果没有这个key就直接添加 a{winter:1,winter2:2} a.setdefault() Traceback (most recent call last): File pyshell#1, line 1, in module a.setdefault() TypeError: setdefault expected at least 1 arguments, got 0 a.setdefault(winter) print(a) {winter: 1, winter2: 2} a.setdault(winter3) Traceback (most recent call last): File pyshell#4, line 1, in module a.setdault(winter3) AttributeError: dict object has no attribute setdault a.setdefault(winter) print(a) {winter: 1, winter2: 2} a.setdefault(winter3) print(a) {winter: 1, winter2: 2, winter3: None} a.setdefault(winter4,4) print(a) {winter: 1, winter2: 2, winter3: None, winter4: 4} pass def update(self, ENone, **F): # known special case of dict.update D.update([E, ]**F) - None. Update D from dict/iterable E and F. If E is present and has a .keys() method, then does: for k in E: D[k] E[k] If E is present and lacks a .keys() method, then does: for k, v in E: D[k] v In either case, this is followed by: for k in F: D[k] F[k] print(a) {winter: 1, winter2: 2, winter3: None, winter4: 4} a {winter: 1, winter2: 2, winter3: None, winter4: 4} b{winter:111} b.update(a) b {winter: 1, winter2: 2, winter3: None, winter4: 4} c{winter10:10} c.update(b) print(c) {winter: 1, winter2: 2, winter3: None, winter4: 4, winter10: 10} c.update(a,b) Traceback (most recent call last): File pyshell#21, line 1, in module c.update(a,b) TypeError: update expected at most 1 arguments, got 2 c.update(a,**b) print(c) {winter2: 2, winter3: None, winter4: 4, winter10: 10, winter: 1} print(b) {winter: 1, winter2: 2, winter3: None, winter4: 4} pass def values(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ D.values() - an object providing a view on Ds values print(b) {winter: 1, winter2: 2, winter3: None, winter4: 4} eb.values() print(e) dict_values([1, 2, None, 4]) pass def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown True if D has a key k, else False. pass def __delitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Delete self[key]. pass def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return getattr(self, name). pass def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ x.__getitem__(y) x[y] pass def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __init__(self, seqNone, **kwargs): # known special case of dict.__init__ dict() - new empty dictionary dict(mapping) - new dictionary initialized from a mapping objects (key, value) pairs dict(iterable) - new dictionary initialized as if via: d {} for k, v in iterable: d[k] v dict(**kwargs) - new dictionary initialized with the namevalue pairs in the keyword argument list. For example: dict(one1, two2) # (copied from class doc) pass def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Implement iter(self). pass def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return len(self). pass def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass staticmethod # known case of __new__ def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. pass def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self!value. pass def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return repr(self). pass def __setitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Set self[key] to value. pass def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ D.__sizeof__() - size of D in memory, in bytes pass __hash__ None class dict 七、集合set的命令汇总 set内无重复数据。 #!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- class set(object): set() - new empty set object set(iterable) - new set object Build an unordered collection of unique elements. def add(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Add an element to a set. This has no effect if the element is already present. pass def clear(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Remove all elements from this set. pass def copy(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return a shallow copy of a set. pass def difference(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return the difference of two or more sets as a new set. (i.e. all elements that are in this set but not the others.) aset([winter,winter2,winter3,winter]) print(a) {winter2, winter3, winter} bset([winter,winter2,winter3,winter4]) ca.difference(b) print(c) set() print(a) {winter2, winter3, winter} print(b) {winter2, winter4, winter3, winter} cb.difference(a) print(c) {winter4} pass def difference_update(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Remove all elements of another set from this set. 删除当前set中在所有包含在new set里面的元素。 cb.difference_update(a) print(c) None print(b) {winter4} print(a) {winter2, winter3, winter} pass def discard(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Remove an element from a set if it is a member. If the element is not a member, do nothing. 移除元素 pass def intersection(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return the intersection of two sets as a new set. (i.e. all elements that are in both sets.) 取交集 ca.intersection(b) print(a) {winter2, winter3, winter} print(b) {winter2, winter4, winter3, winter} print(c) {winter2, winter3, winter} pass def intersection_update(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Update a set with the intersection of itself and another. 与different_update的结构类似修改原值。 pass def isdisjoint(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return True if two sets have a null intersection. 如果没有交集返回True pass def issubset(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Report whether another set contains this set. 是否子集 pass def issuperset(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Report whether this set contains another set. 是否父集 pass def pop(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Remove and return an arbitrary set element. Raises KeyError if the set is empty. b {winter2, winter4, winter3, winter} eb.pop() e winter2 pass def remove(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Remove an element from a set; it must be a member. If the element is not a member, raise a KeyError. b.remove() Traceback (most recent call last): File pyshell#35, line 1, in module b.remove() TypeError: remove() takes exactly one argument (0 given) b {winter3, winter} b.remove(winter) b {winter3} pass def symmetric_difference(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return the symmetric difference of two sets as a new set. (i.e. all elements that are in exactly one of the sets.) 求2个集合里面的相互之间差集和带返回 s1set([1,2,3]) s2set([2,3,4]) c1s1.symmetric_difference(s2) c1 {1, 4} c2s2.symmetric_difference(s1) c2 {1, 4} pass def symmetric_difference_update(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Update a set with the symmetric difference of itself and another. 求差集不带返回 pass def union(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return the union of sets as a new set. (i.e. all elements that are in either set.) 并集 pass def update(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Update a set with the union of itself and others. 特别注意and和update的不同。 b {winter3} b {winter3} b.update(winter) b {t, r, w, winter3, i, e, n} b.add(winter) b {t, r, winter, w, winter3, i, e, n} pass def __and__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. 不知道用途, 补充关于and 和 运算 a,b分别是整数1和2以二进制表示分别为0110。 运算结果的二进制为00即十进制的 0按位逻辑运算。再如 23二进制表示为 1011所以结果是 10即十进制的 2。 1 是真2是真整数0是否所以 1 and 2 是真 0 and 2 是否。 a{11111} type(a) class set b{111111} ca.__and__(b) print(c) set() pass def __contains__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ x.__contains__(y) y in x. 判断条件不明慎用慎用。 a.__contains__(b) False b.__contains__(a) False a {11111} b {111111} c{1,2} type(c) class set d{1} c.__c c.__class__( c.__contains__( c.__contains__(d) False d.__contains__(c) False pass def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. 判断是否相等 e{1} e {1} d {1} e.__eq__(d) True pass def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return getattr(self, name). pass def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __iand__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __init__(self, seq()): # known special case of set.__init__ set() - new empty set object set(iterable) - new set object Build an unordered collection of unique elements. # (copied from class doc) pass def __ior__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self|value. pass def __isub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self-value. pass def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Implement iter(self). pass def __ixor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self^value. pass def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return len(self). 返回数据长度 pass def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return selfvalue. pass staticmethod # known case of __new__ def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. pass def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self!value. 不等于 pass def __or__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self|value. | 或是位运算 pass def __rand__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return valueself. pass def __reduce__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return state information for pickling. 测试在报错不知道原因 a.__reduce_() Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in module AttributeError: set object has no attribute __reduce_ pass def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return repr(self). pass def __ror__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return value|self. pass def __rsub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return value-self. pass def __rxor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return value^self. pass def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ S.__sizeof__() - size of S in memory, in bytes 返回S在内存占用的大小 pass def __sub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self-value. pass def __xor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown Return self^value. pass __hash__ None class set 其他 1、for循环 用户按照顺序循环可迭代对象中的内容 PSbreak、continue li[11,22,33,44,55,66]
for item in li: print (item) #-------------结果----------------
11
22
33
44
55
66 for 2、range 指定范围生成指定的数字 a[]
b[]
c[]
d[]
for i in range(1,10): a.append(i) for i in range(1,10,2): b.append(i) for i in range(30,0,-1): c.append(i) for i in range(60,10,-2): d.append(i) print(a)
print(b)
print(c)
print(d) #----------------结果-----------------------------------
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
[30, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
[60, 58, 56, 54, 52, 50, 48, 46, 44, 42, 40, 38, 36, 34, 32, 30, 28, 26, 24, 22, 20, 18, 16, 14, 12] range 3、enumrate 为可迭代的对象添加序号 a[]
b[]
c[]
d[]
for k,v in enumerate(range(1,10),1): a.append(k) b.append(v) for k,v in enumerate(range(30,0,-1),10): c.append(k) d.append(v) print(a)
print(b)
print(c)
print(d) li[11,22,33,44]
for k,v in enumerate(li,20): print(k,v)
for k,v in enumerate(li,-5): print(k,v) #-----------------结果----------------------------------
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
[10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39]
[30, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
20 11
21 22
22 33
23 44
-5 11
-4 22
-3 33
-2 44 enumrate 练习题 二、查找 查找列表中元素移除每个元素的空格并查找以 a或A开头 并且以 c 结尾的所有元素。 li [alec, aric, Alex, Tony, rain] tu (alec, aric, Alex, Tony, rain) dic {k1: alex, k2: aric, k3: Alex, k4: Tony} li [alec, aric, Alex, Tony, rain]
tu (alec, aric, Alex, Tony, rain)
dic {k1: alex, k2: aric, k3: Alex, k4: Tony} li1[]
li2[]
dic1{}
li1_onlyac[]
li2_onlyac[]
dic1_onlyac{} for i in li: li1.append(i.strip()) if i.strip().endswith(c) and i.strip().startswith(a): li1_onlyac.append(i.strip()) elif i.strip().endswith(c) and i.strip().startswith(A): li1_onlyac.append(i.strip()) else: continue for i in tu: li2.append(i.strip()) if i.strip().endswith(c) and i.strip().startswith(a): li2_onlyac.append(i.strip()) elif i.strip().endswith(c) and i.strip().startswith(A): li2_onlyac.append(i.strip()) else: continue
for i in dic.keys(): dic1[i]dic[i].strip() if dic[i].strip().endswith(c) and dic[i].strip().startswith(a): dic1_onlyac[i] dic[i].strip() elif dic[i].strip().endswith(c) and dic[i].strip().startswith(A): dic1_onlyac[i] dic[i].strip() else: continue
print(li1)
print(li2)
print(dic1)
print(li1_onlyac)
print(li2_onlyac)
print(dic1_onlyac) 练习代码 转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/wintershen/p/6755976.html
