没有外网ip怎么做网站,上海 网站建设,手机网站怎么制作,阿里云 多个网站背景#xff1a;在上一篇文中#xff0c;提到要写一篇openssl 配置文件详解的#xff0c;这就来了~~~ find / -name openssl.cnf /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf#xff0c;该文件主要设置了证书请求、签名、crl相关的配置。主要相关的伪命令为ca和req…背景在上一篇文中提到要写一篇openssl 配置文件详解的这就来了~~~ find / -name openssl.cnf /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf该文件主要设置了证书请求、签名、crl相关的配置。主要相关的伪命令为ca和req。。 该文件从功能结构上分为4个段落默认段、ca相关的段、req相关的段、tsa相关的段。每个段中都以namevalue的格式定义.
以下是我将文件分段摘抄出来并进行解释的
默认段 # # OpenSSL example configuration file. # This is mostly being used for generation of certificate requests. # # This definition stops the following lines choking if HOME isnt # defined. 定义当前目录变量以及随机数的文件路径变量 HOME . RANDFILE $ENV::HOME/.rnd # Extra OBJECT IDENTIFIER info: #oid_file $ENV::HOME/.oid oid_section new_oids # To use this configuration file with the -extfile option of the # openssl x509 utility, name here the section containing the # X.509v3 extensions to use: # extensions # (Alternatively, use a configuration file that has only # X.509v3 extensions in its main [ default] section.) [ new_oids ] # We can add new OIDs in here for use by ca, req and ts. # Add a simple OID like this: # testoid11.2.3.4 # Or use config file substitution like this: # testoid2${testoid1}.5.6 # Policies used by the TSA examples. tsa_policy1 1.2.3.4.1 tsa_policy2 1.2.3.4.5.6 tsa_policy3 1.2.3.4.5.7 CA段 #################################################################### [ ca ] default_ca CA_default # The default ca section #################################################################### [ CA_default ] dir /etc/pki/CA # Where everything is kept certs $dir/certs # Where the issued certs are kept已颁发的证书路径即CA或者自签的 crl_dir $dir/crl # Where the issued crl are kept 已颁发的crl存放目录 database $dir/index.txt # database index file. #unique_subject no # Set to no to allow creation of # several ctificates with same subject. new_certs_dir $dir/newcerts # default place for new certs.将来颁发的证书存放路径 certificate $dir/cacert.pem # The CA certificate CA自己的证书文件 serial $dir/serial # The current serial number提供序列号的文件路径 crlnumber $dir/crlnumber # the current crl number 当前crl序列号 # must be commented out to leave a V1 CRL crl $dir/crl.pem # The current CRL 当前crl文件 private_key $dir/private/cakey.pem# The private key 签名时需要的私钥即CA自己的私钥 RANDFILE $dir/private/.rand # private random number file 提供随机数的文件 x509_extensions usr_cert # The extentions to add to the cert添加到证书中的扩展项 # Comment out the following two lines for the traditional 证书展示格式一般不用修改使用默认即可 # (and highly broken) format. name_opt ca_default # Subject Name options cert_opt ca_default # Certificate field options # Extension copying option: use with caution.扩展项的使用需要谨慎 生成证书时扩展项的扩展可复制属性copy_extensions取值为none/copy或copyall。 如不设置则默认为none,简单使用时设置为none或者不设置不建议设置为copyall # copy_extensions copy # Extensions to add to a CRL. Note: Netscape communicator chokes on V2 CRLs # so this is commented out by default to leave a V1 CRL. # crlnumber must also be commented out to leave a V1 CRL. # crl_extensions crl_ext default_days 365 # how long to certify for 默认的证书有效期 default_crl_days 30 # how long before next CRL CRL的有效期 default_md sha256 # use SHA-256 by default 默认摘要算法 preserve no # keep passed DN ordering Distinguished Name顺序一般设置为no # A few difference way of specifying how similar the request should look # For type CA, the listed attributes must be the same, and the optional # and supplied fields are just that :-) policy policy_match #证书匹配策略对比的是[ policy_match ] 的设定 #证书匹配策略定义了证书请求的DN字段(field)被CA签署时和CA证书的匹配规则 # 对于CA证书请求这些匹配规则必须要和父CA完全相同 # For the CA policy [ policy_match ] countryName match #match表示请求中填写的Country字段信息要和CA证书中的匹配 stateOrProvinceName match #match表示请求中填写的stateOrProvinceName字段信息要和CA证书中的匹配 organizationName match #match表示请求中填写的organizationName字段信息要和CA证书中的匹配 organizationalUnitName optional # optional表示生成证书请求文件时该organizationalUnitName字段可选 commonName supplied # supplied 表示生成证书请求文件时该字段必须提供 emailAddress optional # For the anything policy # At this point in time, you must list all acceptable object #没有被引用的策略扩展 就是被忽略的这个地方暂时没搞懂 # types. [ policy_anything ] countryName optional stateOrProvinceName optional localityName optional organizationName optional organizationalUnitName optional commonName supplied emailAddress optional #################################################################### req 段 #################################################################### [ req ] default_bits 2048 #生成的证书请求文件时的密钥长度 网上有的资料说是私钥的密钥长度但我觉得应该是 生成的证书请求文件的密钥长度 default_md sha256 #默认的证书请求签名时使用的加密算法 default_keyfile privkey.pem #生成证书请求文件时默认使用的私钥存放位置如-new选项没指定-key时会自动创建私钥 -newkey选项也会自动创建私钥 distinguished_name req_distinguished_name #可识别的字段名(常被简称为DN引用req_distinguished_name段的设置) attributes req_attributes #证书请求的属性引用req_attributes段的设置可以不设置它 x509_extensions v3_ca # The extentions to add to the self signed cert加入到自签证书中的扩展项 # Passwords for private keys if not present they will be prompted for #输入和输出私钥文件的密码如果该私钥文件有密码不写该设置则会提示输入 # input_password secret # output_password secret # This sets a mask for permitted string types. There are several options. # default: PrintableString, T61String, BMPString. # pkix : PrintableString, BMPString (PKIX recommendation before 2004) # utf8only: only UTF8Strings (PKIX recommendation after 2004). # nombstr : PrintableString, T61String (no BMPStrings or UTF8Strings). # MASK:XXXX a literal mask value. # WARNING: ancient versions of Netscape crash on BMPStrings or UTF8Strings. string_mask utf8only # req_extensions v3_req # The extensions to add to a certificate request # req_distinguished_name 指定请求证书文件中的信息可在配置文件中指定也可不在配置文件中指定。如果配置文件中没有指定则需要在生成证书请求文件时输入生成证书请求文件时的信息必须与CA的证书一致才可以 [ req_distinguished_name ] countryName Country Name (2 letter code) countryName_default XX countryName_min 2 countryName_max 2 stateOrProvinceName State or Province Name (full name) #stateOrProvinceName_default Default Province localityName Locality Name (eg, city) localityName_default Default City 0.organizationName Organization Name (eg, company) 0.organizationName_default Default Company Ltd # we can do this but it is not needed normally :-) #1.organizationName Second Organization Name (eg, company) #1.organizationName_default World Wide Web Pty Ltd organizationalUnitName Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) #organizationalUnitName_default commonName Common Name (eg, your name or your server\s hostname) commonName_max 64 emailAddress Email Address emailAddress_max 64 # SET-ex3 SET extension number 3 [ req_attributes ] /*某些特定软件的运行需要而设定的 */ /* 现在一般都不需要提供challengepassword */ /* 所以该段几乎用不上 */ /* 所以不用管这段 */ challengePassword A challenge password challengePassword_min 4 challengePassword_max 20 unstructuredName An optional company name [ usr_cert ] # These extensions are added when ca signs a request. # This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software # requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA. basicConstraintsCA:FALSE # Here are some examples of the usage of nsCertType. If it is omitted # the certificate can be used for anything *except* object signing. # This is OK for an SSL server. # nsCertType server # For an object signing certificate this would be used. # nsCertType objsign # For normal client use this is typical # nsCertType client, email # and for everything including object signing: # nsCertType client, email, objsign # This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate.这个地方是设定证书使用范围的对应的是 通过证书查看器查看到的密钥用法信息 当证书需要用于签名时就需要证书的密钥用法为Digital Signature如果只是其他的就不能用于签名当要制作用于签名的证书时需要开放此处 keyUsage nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment # This will be displayed in Netscapes comment listbox. nsComment OpenSSL Generated Certificate # PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates. subjectKeyIdentifierhash authorityKeyIdentifierkeyid,issuer # This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname. # Import the email address. # subjectAltNameemail:copy # An alternative to produce certificates that arent # deprecated according to PKIX. # subjectAltNameemail:move # Copy subject details # issuerAltNameissuer:copy #nsCaRevocationUrl http://www.domain.dom/ca-crl.pem #nsBaseUrl #nsRevocationUrl #nsRenewalUrl #nsCaPolicyUrl #nsSslServerName # This is required for TSA certificates. #以下是TSA证书所需要的 # extendedKeyUsage critical,timeStamping [ v3_req ] # Extensions to add to a certificate request basicConstraints CA:FALSE keyUsage nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment [ v3_ca ] # Extensions for a typical CA # PKIX recommendation. subjectKeyIdentifierhash authorityKeyIdentifierkeyid:always,issuer # This is what PKIX recommends but some broken software chokes on critical # extensions. #basicConstraints critical,CA:true # So we do this instead. basicConstraints CA:true # Key usage: this is typical for a CA certificate. However since it will # prevent it being used as an test self-signed certificate it is best # left out by default. # keyUsage cRLSign, keyCertSign # Some might want this also # nsCertType sslCA, emailCA # Include email address in subject alt name: another PKIX recommendation # subjectAltNameemail:copy # Copy issuer details # issuerAltNameissuer:copy # DER hex encoding of an extension: beware experts only! # objDER:02:03 # Where obj is a standard or added object # You can even override a supported extension: # basicConstraints critical, DER:30:03:01:01:FF [ crl_ext ] # CRL extensions. # Only issuerAltName and authorityKeyIdentifier make any sense in a CRL. # issuerAltNameissuer:copy authorityKeyIdentifierkeyid:always [ proxy_cert_ext ] # These extensions should be added when creating a proxy certificate # This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software # requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA. basicConstraintsCA:FALSE # Here are some examples of the usage of nsCertType. If it is omitted # the certificate can be used for anything *except* object signing. # This is OK for an SSL server. # nsCertType server # For an object signing certificate this would be used. # nsCertType objsign # For normal client use this is typical # nsCertType client, email # and for everything including object signing: # nsCertType client, email, objsign # This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate. # keyUsage nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment # This will be displayed in Netscapes comment listbox. nsComment OpenSSL Generated Certificate # PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates. subjectKeyIdentifierhash authorityKeyIdentifierkeyid,issuer # This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname. # Import the email address. # subjectAltNameemail:copy # An alternative to produce certificates that arent # deprecated according to PKIX. # subjectAltNameemail:move # Copy subject details # issuerAltNameissuer:copy #nsCaRevocationUrl http://www.domain.dom/ca-crl.pem #nsBaseUrl #nsRevocationUrl #nsRenewalUrl #nsCaPolicyUrl #nsSslServerName # This really needs to be in place for it to be a proxy certificate. proxyCertInfocritical,language:id-ppl-anyLanguage,pathlen:3,policy:foo ####################################################################
