服饰的网站建设,贵州省城乡建设厅网站,小程序怎么添加手机桌面,wordpress的后台Selenium是一个用于测试网站的自动化测试工具#xff0c;支持各种浏览器包括Chrome、Firefox、Safari等主流界面浏览器#xff0c;同时也支持phantomJS无界面浏览器。
查看chrome版本#xff0c;114.05735.199 去 http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html 网…Selenium是一个用于测试网站的自动化测试工具支持各种浏览器包括Chrome、Firefox、Safari等主流界面浏览器同时也支持phantomJS无界面浏览器。
查看chrome版本114.05735.199 去 http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html 网站下载对应版本的驱动 禁止Chrome自动更新
服务Goggle更新服务改为禁用 google浏览器图标右键属性目标栏后添加--disable-background-networking Selenium常用API--Java语言
环境配置、浏览器驱动、selenium元素定位、浏览器操作、模拟鼠标/键盘操作、获取断言信息、设置元素等待、定位一组元素、多表单切换、多窗口切换、浏览器cookie操作、调用JavaScript代码、获取窗口截图等。
maven依赖 dependencygroupIdorg.seleniumhq.selenium/groupIdartifactIdselenium-java/artifactId
!-- 目前来说就3.141.59这个版本好使高版本会有问题--version3.141.59/version/dependencydependencygroupIdcom.google.guava/groupIdartifactIdguava/artifactIdversion22.0/version/dependency
工具类
ChromeDriverUtil.java
package com.selenium.auto.seleniumjava.util;import lombok.SneakyThrows;
import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedCondition;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;import java.io.File;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;public class ChromeDriverUtil {//文件版本,防止多线程缓存文件和用户文件共享,导致创建错误private static AtomicInteger fileSerial new AtomicInteger(0);private ChromeDriver driver;public ChromeDriverUtil(String path, boolean pd, boolean img) {init(path, pd, img);}SneakyThrowsprivate void init(String path, boolean pd, boolean img) {System.setProperty(webdriver.chrome.driver, path);ChromeOptions options new ChromeOptions();if (!pd) {options.addArguments(--headless); //无浏览器模式}options.addArguments(--disable-gpu); // 谷歌文档提到需要加上这个属性来规避bugoptions.addArguments(--disable-software-rasterizer); //禁用3D软件光栅化器options.addArguments(--no-sandbox);// 为了让linux root用户也能执行// 优化参数options.addArguments(--disable-dev-shm-usage); //解决在某些VM环境中/dev/shm分区太小导致Chrome失败或崩溃if (img) {options.addArguments(blink-settingsimagesEnabledfalse); //禁止加图片,如果爬取图片的话,这个不能禁用options.addArguments(--disable-images);}String tmpdir System.getProperty(java.io.tmpdir);String dir tmpdir File.separator chrome_file_data_cache File.separator fileSerial.incrementAndGet();File file1 new File(dir File.separator data);if (file1.exists()) {file1.mkdirs();}File file2 new File(dir File.separator cache);if (file2.exists()) {file1.mkdirs();}options.addArguments(--user-data-dir file1.getAbsolutePath()); //解决打开页面出现data;空白页面情况,因为没有缓存目录options.addArguments(--disk-cache-dir file2.getAbsolutePath()); //指定Cache路径options.addArguments(--incognito); //无痕模式options.addArguments(--disable-plugins); //禁用插件,加快速度options.addArguments(--disable-extensions); //禁用扩展options.addArguments(--disable-popup-blocking); //关闭弹窗拦截options.addArguments(--ignore-certificate-errors); // 禁现窗口最大化options.addArguments(--allow-running-insecure-content); //关闭https提示 32位options.addArguments(--disable-infobars); //禁用浏览器正在被自动化程序控制的提示 ,但是高版本不生效if (!pd) {//无浏览器模式-最大化窗口 ,防止有些元素被隐藏int screenWidth ((int) java.awt.Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize().width);int screenHeight ((int) java.awt.Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize().height);options.addArguments(window-size screenWidth , screenHeight);}//随机设置请求头options.addArguments(--user-agent UserAgent.getUserAgentWindows());proxy(options, false); //设置代理 ,true 开启代理driver new ChromeDriver(options);//实例化if (pd) {driver.manage().window().maximize(); //界面的方式, 最大化窗口, 防止有些元素被隐藏,无界面就不要使用了}//当我们去定位页面元素时如果元素没有找到不会立即抛出异常而是周期性地通常为 0.5s去重新寻找直到该元素找到或者超过最大等待时间才结束 ,超时后就报错NoTouchElementException//当我们使用implicitly_wait()时如果想要定位的元素已经找到但是它的内容如文本内容属性等没有加载出来此时隐式等待无效仍会直接抛出NoSuchElementException异常这也是为什么我们很多时候仍需要使用time.sleep()的原因。driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);}//无头模式,不加载图片public static ChromeDriverUtil buildHide(String path) {return new ChromeDriverUtil(path, false, true);}//无头模式,加载图片public static ChromeDriverUtil buildHideImg(String path) {return new ChromeDriverUtil(path, false, false);}//显示游览器 ,全功能public static ChromeDriverUtil build(String path) {return new ChromeDriverUtil(path, true, false);}public ChromeDriver getDriver() {return driver;}//强制等待 代码在执行到某个位置时强制等待一段时间SneakyThrowspublic void sleep(long ms) {Thread.sleep(ms);}// 显示等待,是为了解决隐式等待遗留的问题,比如元素显示了,但是内部的文本没有显示出来,可能文本是通过ajax异步的会比较慢public WebElement wait(int seconds, ExpectedConditionWebElement expectedCondition) {WebDriverWait webDriverWait new WebDriverWait(driver, seconds);//返回null或者false,等待500毫秒继续尝试,直到过期WebElement until webDriverWait.until(expectedCondition);return until;}//自行扩展, 从接口中读取,或者从文件中读取都行private void proxy(ChromeOptions options, boolean pd) {if (pd) {String prox 101.200.127.149: 3129;Proxy p new Proxy();p.setHttpProxy(prox);//http
// p.setFtpProxy(prox); //ftp
// p.setSslProxy(prox);//ssl
// p.setSocksProxy(prox); //SOCKS
// p.setSocksUsername();
// p.setSocksPassword();options.setProxy(p);}}}UserAgent.java
package com.selenium.auto.seleniumjava.util;import com.google.common.base.Charsets;
import com.google.common.io.Files;
import com.google.common.io.Resources;import java.io.File;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;public class UserAgent {private static ListString userAgentsWindows null;static {URL url Resources.getResource(userAgents_windows);if(url ! null) {File file new File(url.getPath());try {userAgentsWindows Files.readLines(file, Charsets.UTF_8);} catch(Exception ex) {}}}public static String getUserAgentWindows() {if(userAgentsWindows null || userAgentsWindows.size() 0) {return Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.85 Safari/537.36;}Collections.shuffle(userAgentsWindows);return userAgentsWindows.get(0);}
}在resources下新建文件userAgents_windows内容如下
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 10.0) AppleWebKit/535.11.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Safari/535.11.3
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/3.1)
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0)
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows 98) AppleWebKit/534.49.4 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0.3 Safari/534.49.4
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 10.0; Trident/3.1)
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/3.1)
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/535.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/24.0.860.0 Safari/535.2
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows CE; mt-MT; rv:1.9.2.20) Gecko/2013-04-30 01:12:55 Firefox/3.8
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows CE) AppleWebKit/533.14.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.1 Safari/533.14.1
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.01; Trident/5.0)
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 6.2; Trident/4.1)
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 10.0; Trident/5.1)
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.2; kok-IN; rv:1.9.2.20) Gecko/2011-09-17 16:05:22 Firefox/3.8
Opera/9.36.(Windows NT 6.1; gd-GB) Presto/2.9.178 Version/11.00
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/3.0)
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; tl-PH; rv:1.9.1.20) Gecko/2017-02-01 17:55:13 Firefox/3.6.14
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98; Trident/5.0)
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows CE; Trident/3.1)
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/535.41.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.1 Safari/535.41.7
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 6.2; Trident/3.0)
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/533.0 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.812.0 Safari/533.0
Opera/9.85.(Windows NT 5.2; kk-KZ) Presto/2.9.172 Version/12.00
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; Trident/3.1)
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows 95) AppleWebKit/535.8.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0.1 Safari/535.8.1
Opera/9.39.(Windows 98; Win 9x 4.90; cmn-TW) Presto/2.9.189 Version/10.00
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 4.0) AppleWebKit/531.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/14.0.876.0 Safari/531.2
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 4.0) AppleWebKit/531.4.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.3 Safari/531.4.5
Opera/9.18.(Windows 98; Win 9x 4.90; aa-ER) Presto/2.9.166 Version/12.00
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows 95; ml-IN; rv:1.9.2.20) Gecko/2018-05-02 05:15:13 Firefox/3.8
Opera/9.52.(Windows NT 5.1; mhr-RU) Presto/2.9.160 Version/10.00
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows CE; Trident/5.0)
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; nan-TW; rv:1.9.1.20) Gecko/2020-02-12 23:57:29 Firefox/6.0
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 4.0; cv-RU; rv:1.9.1.20) Gecko/2016-08-13 23:30:24 Firefox/3.8
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 4.0; Trident/5.1)
Opera/9.34.(Windows NT 6.1; szl-PL) Presto/2.9.182 Version/12.00
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows 98; Win 9x 4.90; Trident/4.0)
Opera/8.35.(Windows NT 5.0; az-AZ) Presto/2.9.171 Version/12.00
Opera/9.85.(Windows 98; sr-RS) Presto/2.9.167 Version/10.00
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; ru-UA; rv:1.9.0.20) Gecko/2011-12-14 02:08:36 Firefox/3.8
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/3.0)
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 4.0) AppleWebKit/536.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.862.0 Safari/536.2
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/5.1)
Opera/9.50.(Windows NT 5.0; mk-MK) Presto/2.9.161 Version/11.00
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/5.1)
Opera/8.41.(Windows NT 5.01; az-IN) Presto/2.9.177 Version/11.00
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows 98; Trident/3.0)
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 4.0; Trident/4.1)
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.2; Trident/4.0)
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.2; Trident/4.1)
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows 98) AppleWebKit/531.36.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0.3 Safari/531.36.3
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98; Win 9x 4.90; Trident/4.0)
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0)
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows 98; Trident/4.1)
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 4.0) AppleWebKit/536.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.826.0 Safari/536.2
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows CE) AppleWebKit/533.1.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0.2 Safari/533.1.3
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/5.1)
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.2; Trident/5.1)
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows 95) AppleWebKit/531.4.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/531.4.2
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.01; tr-CY; rv:1.9.2.20) Gecko/2013-09-06 07:39:53 Firefox/9.0
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 4.0) AppleWebKit/535.22.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0 Safari/535.22.1
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0) AppleWebKit/535.37.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.1 Safari/535.37.3
Opera/8.64.(Windows NT 5.1; yue-HK) Presto/2.9.182 Version/10.00
Opera/8.27.(Windows NT 6.1; bo-CN) Presto/2.9.180 Version/12.00
Opera/9.82.(Windows NT 5.01; lij-IT) Presto/2.9.185 Version/12.00
Opera/8.12.(Windows CE; ne-NP) Presto/2.9.160 Version/12.00
Opera/8.55.(Windows NT 5.1; it-CH) Presto/2.9.171 Version/10.00
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0) AppleWebKit/532.45.4 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0.2 Safari/532.45.4
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0)
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows 98; Win 9x 4.90) AppleWebKit/532.32.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Safari/532.32.3
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0; Trident/5.1)
Opera/9.26.(Windows CE; af-ZA) Presto/2.9.172 Version/10.00
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.1)
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows 98; Win 9x 4.90; Trident/5.0)
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; or-IN; rv:1.9.0.20) Gecko/2012-05-22 18:16:14 Firefox/3.8
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/533.29.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.5 Safari/533.29.5
Opera/9.93.(Windows 98; ka-GE) Presto/2.9.184 Version/12.00
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/531.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/29.0.812.0 Safari/531.2
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows CE) AppleWebKit/533.43.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/533.43.7
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.2; Trident/5.1)
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.2; Trident/3.0)
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/3.1)
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.01; Trident/5.0)
Opera/9.75.(Windows NT 5.01; as-IN) Presto/2.9.180 Version/11.00
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 5.0; Trident/3.1)
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/5.0)
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.0) AppleWebKit/536.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/24.0.826.0 Safari/536.2
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows 95; nb-NO; rv:1.9.1.20) Gecko/2013-09-05 15:16:44 Firefox/11.0
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.861.0 Safari/536.2
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 10.0; Trident/3.0)
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.0; Trident/4.0)
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.0; Windows 98; Win 9x 4.90; Trident/3.0)
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/3.0)
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/533.35.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0 Safari/533.35.5
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.1)
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows 98; Win 9x 4.90) AppleWebKit/532.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.830.0 Safari/532.2
Opera/8.23.(Windows NT 5.2; byn-ER) Presto/2.9.189 Version/11.00
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.0; Trident/5.1)
Opera/9.93.(Windows NT 5.1; az-AZ) Presto/2.9.173 Version/10.00
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/535.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.845.0 Safari/535.1
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows 95; Trident/3.1)
使用 //驱动位置String path D:\\selenium\\chromedriver_win32\\chromedriver.exe;ChromeDriverUtil util ChromeDriverUtil.build(path);ChromeDriver driver util.getDriver();driver.navigate().to(https://www.baidu.com);
验证浏览器驱动
WebDriver driver new ChromeDriver(); //Chrome浏览器
WebDriver driver new FirefoxDriver(); //Firefox浏览器
WebDriver driver new EdgeDriver(); //Edge浏览器
WebDriver driver new InternetExplorerDriver(); // Internet Explorer浏览器
WebDriver driver new OperaDriver(); //Opera浏览器
WebDriver driver new PhantomJSDriver(); //PhantomJS
Selenium八种定位方式
findElement(By.id())findElement(By.name())findElement(By.className())findElement(By.tagName())findElement(By.linkText())findElement(By.partialLinkText())findElement(By.xpath())findElement(By.cssSelector())
控制浏览器
driver.navigate.refresh(); //刷新
driver.navigate.forward(); //后退
driver.navigate.back(); //前进
driver.manage().window().maximize(); //浏览器最大化
driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(480,800));
1.WebDriver 常用方法
clear() 清除文本。sendKeys(*value) 模拟按键输入。click() 单击元素
sendKeys()方法模拟键盘向输入框里输入内容。 但是它的作用不仅于此 我们还可以用它发送键盘按键 甚至用它来指定上传的文件。 click()方法可以用来单击一个元素前提是它是可以被单击的对象它与 sendKeys()方法是Web页面操作中最常用到的两个方法。 其实click()方法不仅仅用于单击一个按钮它还可以单击任何可以单击的文字/图片链接、复选框、单选框、下拉框等。
2.其它常用方法
submit() //提交表单getSize() 返回元素的尺寸。getText() 获取元素的文本。getAttribute(name) 获得属性值。isDisplayed() 设置该元素是否用户可见。
八模拟鼠标操作
contextClick() 右击clickAndHold() 鼠标点击并控制doubleClick() 双击dragAndDrop() 拖动release() 释放鼠标perform() 执行所有Actions中存储的行为
九模拟键盘操作
Keys()类提供了键盘上几乎所有按键的方法。 前面了解到 sendKeys()方法可以用来模拟键盘输入 除此之 外 我们还可以用它来输入键盘上的按键 甚至是组合键 如 CtrlA、 CtrlC 等。
WebElement input driver.findElement(By.id(kw));
input.sendkeys(Keys.CONTROL,a); //复制
input.sendkeys(Keys.CONTROL,x); //剪切
input.sendkeys(Keys.CONTROL,v); //粘贴
十获取断言信息
不管是在做功能测试还是自动化测试最后一步需要拿实际结果与预期进行比较。这个比较的称之为断言。 我们通常可以通过获取title 、URL和text等信息进行断言。text方法在前面已经讲过它用于获取标签对之间的文本信息。
getTitle() 用于获得当前页面的title。getCurrentUrl() 用户获得当前页面的URL。getText() 获取页面文本信息。
十二定位一组元素
与定位单个元素类似findElement后面多加了个s
十八浏览器cookie操作
getCookies() 获得所有 cookie 信息。getCookieNamed(String name) 返回字典的key为“name”的Cookie信息。addCookie(cookie dict) 添加Cookie。“cookie_dict”指字典对象必须有 name和value值。deleteCookieNamed(String name) 删除Cookie 信息。 “name”是要删除的 cookie的名称 “optionsString” 是该Cookie的选项目前支持的选项包括“路径” “域” 。deleteAllCookies() 删除所有 cookie 信息。
