广州市公司网站建设公司,网站建设在电子商务中意义,东城建站推广,网站建设与网页制作案例教程先说下安装吧#xff01;感觉这东西跟mongodb差不多#xff0c;安装和布置挺简单#xff0c;下载地址#xff1a;https://github.com/dmajkic/redis/downloads 下载下来的包里有两个#xff0c;一个是32位的#xff0c;一个是64位的。根据自己的实情情况选择#xff0c;…先说下安装吧感觉这东西跟mongodb差不多安装和布置挺简单下载地址https://github.com/dmajkic/redis/downloads 下载下来的包里有两个一个是32位的一个是64位的。根据自己的实情情况选择我的是32bit把这个文件夹复制到其它地方比如D\redis 目录下。打开一个cmd窗口 使用cd命令切换目录到d:\redis 运行 redis-server.exe redis.conf 如果想方便的话可以把redis的路径加到系统的环境变量里这样就省得再输路径了后面的那个redis.conf可以省略如果省略会启用默认的。输入之后会显示如下界面这时候别启一个cmd窗口原来的不要关闭不然就无法访问服务端了切换到redis目录下运行 redis-cli.exe -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 出现下图这时候就已经完成配置了现在说下它的的redis.conf配置文件。下面是相关项的说明 # Redis configuration file example# Note on units: when memory size is needed, it is possible to specifiy# it in the usual form of 1k 5GB 4M and so forth:## 1k 1000 bytes# 1kb 1024 bytes# 1m 1000000 bytes# 1mb 1024*1024 bytes# 1g 1000000000 bytes# 1gb 1024*1024*1024 bytes## units are case insensitive so 1GB 1Gb 1gB are all the same.# By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use yes if you need it.# Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized.daemonize no Redis默认不是以守护进程的方式运行可以通过该配置项修改使用yes启用守护进程# When running daemonized, Redis writes a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid by# default. You can specify a custom pid file location here.pidfile /var/run/redis.pid当Redis以守护进程方式运行时Redis默认会把pid写入/var/run/redis.pid文件可以通过pidfile指定# Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379.# If port 0 is specified Redis will not listen on a TCP socket.port 6379指定Redis监听端口默认端口为6379# If you want you can bind a single interface, if the bind option is not# specified all the interfaces will listen for incoming connections.## bind 127.0.0.1绑定的主机地址# Specify the path for the unix socket that will be used to listen for# incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen# on a unix socket when not specified.## unixsocket /tmp/redis.sock# unixsocketperm 755# Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds (0 to disable)timeout 0当 客户端闲置多长时间后关闭连接如果指定为0表示关闭该功能# Set server verbosity to debug# it can be one of:# debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing)# verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level)# notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)# warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)loglevel verbose指定日志记录级别Redis总共支持四个级别debug、verbose、notice、warning默认为verbose# Specify the log file name. Also stdout can be used to force# Redis to log on the standard output. Note that if you use standard# output for logging but daemonize, logs will be sent to /dev/nulllogfile stdout日志记录方式默认为标准输出如果配置Redis为守护进程方式运行而这里又配置为日志记录方式为标准输出则日志将会发送给/dev/null# To enable logging to the system logger, just set syslog-enabled to yes,# and optionally update the other syslog parameters to suit your needs.# syslog-enabled no# Specify the syslog identity.# syslog-ident redis# Specify the syslog facility. Must be USER or between LOCAL0-LOCAL7.# syslog-facility local0# Set the number of databases. The default database is DB 0, you can select# a different one on a per-connection basis using SELECT dbid where# dbid is a number between 0 and databases-1databases 16设置数据库的数量默认数据库为0可以使用SELECT dbid命令在连接上指定数据库id################################ SNAPSHOTTING ################################### Save the DB on disk:## save seconds changes## Will save the DB if both the given number of seconds and the given# number of write operations against the DB occurred.## In the example below the behaviour will be to save:# after 900 sec (15 min) if at least 1 key changed# after 300 sec (5 min) if at least 10 keys changed# after 60 sec if at least 10000 keys changed## Note: you can disable saving at all commenting all the save lines.save 900 1save 300 10save 60 10000分别表示900秒15分钟内有1个更改300秒5分钟内有10个更改以及60秒内有10000个更改。指定在多长时间内有多少次更新操作就将数据同步到数据文件可以多个条件配合# Compress string objects using LZF when dump .rdb databases?# For default thats set to yes as its almost always a win.# If you want to save some CPU in the saving child set it to no but# the dataset will likely be bigger if you have compressible values or keys.rdbcompression yes指定存储至本地数据库时是否压缩数据默认为yesRedis采用LZF压缩如果为了节省CPU时间可以关闭该选项但会导致数据库文件变的巨大# The filename where to dump the DBdbfilename dump.rdb指定本地数据库文件名默认值为dump.rdb# The working directory.## The DB will be written inside this directory, with the filename specified# above using the dbfilename configuration directive.# # Also the Append Only File will be created inside this directory.# # Note that you must specify a directory here, not a file name.dir ./指定本地数据库存放目录################################# REPLICATION ################################## Master-Slave replication. Use slaveof to make a Redis instance a copy of# another Redis server. Note that the configuration is local to the slave# so for example it is possible to configure the slave to save the DB with a# different interval, or to listen to another port, and so on.## slaveof masterip masterportslaveof masterip masterport 设置当本机为slav服务时设置master服务的IP地址及端口在Redis启动时它会自动从master进行数据同步# If the master is password protected (using the requirepass configuration# directive below) it is possible to tell the slave to authenticate before# starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will# refuse the slave request.## masterauth master-passwordmasterauth master-password 当master服务设置了密码保护时slav服务连接master的密码# When a slave lost the connection with the master, or when the replication# is still in progress, the slave can act in two different ways:## 1) if slave-serve-stale-data is set to yes (the default) the slave will# still reply to client requests, possibly with out of data data, or the# data set may just be empty if this is the first synchronization.## 2) if slave-serve-stale data is set to no the slave will reply with# an error SYNC with master in progress to all the kind of commands# but to INFO and SLAVEOF.#slave-serve-stale-data yes# Slaves send PINGs to server in a predefined interval. Its possible to change# this interval with the repl_ping_slave_period option. The default value is 10# seconds.## repl-ping-slave-period 10# The following option sets a timeout for both Bulk transfer I/O timeout and# master data or ping response timeout. The default value is 60 seconds.## It is important to make sure that this value is greater than the value# specified for repl-ping-slave-period otherwise a timeout will be detected# every time there is low traffic between the master and the slave.## repl-timeout 60################################## SECURITY #################################### Require clients to issue AUTH PASSWORD before processing any other# commands. This might be useful in environments in which you do not trust# others with access to the host running redis-server.## This should stay commented out for backward compatibility and because most# people do not need auth (e.g. they run their own servers).# # Warning: since Redis is pretty fast an outside user can try up to# 150k passwords per second against a good box. This means that you should# use a very strong password otherwise it will be very easy to break.## requirepass foobaredrequirepass foobared 设置Redis连接密码如果配置了连接密码客户端在连接Redis时需要通过AUTH password命令提供密码默认关闭# Command renaming.## It is possilbe to change the name of dangerous commands in a shared# environment. For instance the CONFIG command may be renamed into something# of hard to guess so that it will be still available for internal-use# tools but not available for general clients.## Example:## rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52## It is also possilbe to completely kill a command renaming it into# an empty string:## rename-command CONFIG ################################### LIMITS ##################################### Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default there# is no limit, and its up to the number of file descriptors the Redis process# is able to open. The special value 0 means no limits.# Once the limit is reached Redis will close all the new connections sending# an error max number of clients reached.## maxclients 128maxclients 128 设置同一时间最大客户端连接数默认无限制Redis可以同时打开的客户端连接数为Redis进程可以打开的最大文件描述符数如果设置 maxclients 0表示不作限制。当客户端连接数到达限制时Redis会关闭新的连接并向客户端返回max number of clients reached错误信息# Dont use more memory than the specified amount of bytes.# When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys with an# EXPIRE set. It will try to start freeing keys that are going to expire# in little time and preserve keys with a longer time to live.# Redis will also try to remove objects from free lists if possible.## If all this fails, Redis will start to reply with errors to commands# that will use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue# to reply to most read-only commands like GET.## WARNING: maxmemory can be a good idea mainly if you want to use Redis as a# state server or cache, not as a real DB. When Redis is used as a real# database the memory usage will grow over the weeks, it will be obvious if# it is going to use too much memory in the long run, and youll have the time# to upgrade. With maxmemory after the limit is reached youll start to get# errors for write operations, and this may even lead to DB inconsistency.## maxmemory bytesmaxmemory bytes指定Redis最大内存限制Redis在启动时会把数据加载到内存中达到最大内存后Redis会先尝试清除已到期或即将到期的Key当此方法处理 后仍然到达最大内存设置将无法再进行写入操作但仍然可以进行读取操作。Redis新的vm机制会把Key存放内存Value会存放在swap区# MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory# is reached? You can select among five behavior:# # volatile-lru - remove the key with an expire set using an LRU algorithm# allkeys-lru - remove any key accordingly to the LRU algorithm# volatile-random - remove a random key with an expire set# allkeys-random - remove a random key, any key# volatile-ttl - remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL)# noeviction - dont expire at all, just return an error on write operations# # Note: with all the kind of policies, Redis will return an error on write# operations, when there are not suitable keys for eviction.## At the date of writing this commands are: set setnx setex append# incr decr rpush lpush rpushx lpushx linsert lset rpoplpush sadd# sinter sinterstore sunion sunionstore sdiff sdiffstore zadd zincrby# zunionstore zinterstore hset hsetnx hmset hincrby incrby decrby# getset mset msetnx exec sort## The default is:## maxmemory-policy volatile-lru# LRU and minimal TTL algorithms are not precise algorithms but approximated# algorithms (in order to save memory), so you can select as well the sample# size to check. For instance for default Redis will check three keys and# pick the one that was used less recently, you can change the sample size# using the following configuration directive.## maxmemory-samples 3############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ################################ By default Redis asynchronously dumps the dataset on disk. If you can live# with the idea that the latest records will be lost if something like a crash# happens this is the preferred way to run Redis. If instead you care a lot# about your data and dont want to that a single record can get lost you should# enable the append only mode: when this mode is enabled Redis will append# every write operation received in the file appendonly.aof. This file will# be read on startup in order to rebuild the full dataset in memory.## Note that you can have both the async dumps and the append only file if you# like (you have to comment the save statements above to disable the dumps).# Still if append only mode is enabled Redis will load the data from the# log file at startup ignoring the dump.rdb file.## IMPORTANT: Check the BGREWRITEAOF to check how to rewrite the append# log file in background when it gets too big.appendonly noappendonly no指定是否在每次更新操作后进行日志记录Redis在默认情况下是异步的把数据写入磁盘如果不开启可能会在断电时导致一段时间内的数据丢失。因为 redis本身同步数据文件是按上面save条件来同步的所以有的数据会在一段时间内只存在于内存中。默认为no# The name of the append only file (default: appendonly.aof)# appendfilename appendonly.aofappendfilename appendonly.aof指定更新日志文件名默认为appendonly.aof# The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk# instead to wait for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush # data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP.## Redis supports three different modes:## no: dont fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster.# always: fsync after every write to the append only log . Slow, Safest.# everysec: fsync only if one second passed since the last fsync. Compromise.## The default is everysec thats usually the right compromise between# speed and data safety. Its up to you to understand if you can relax this to# no that will will let the operating system flush the output buffer when# it wants, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of# some data loss consider the default persistence mode thats snapshotting),# or on the contrary, use always thats very slow but a bit safer than# everysec.## If unsure, use everysec.# appendfsync alwaysappendfsync everysec# appendfsync no指定更新日志条件共有3个可选值no表示等操作系统进行数据缓存同步到磁盘快always表示每次更新操作后手动调用fsync()将数据写到磁盘慢安全everysec表示每秒同步一次折衷默认值# When the AOF fsync policy is set to always or everysec, and a background# saving process (a background save or AOF log background rewriting) is# performing a lot of I/O against the disk, in some Linux configurations# Redis may block too long on the fsync() call. Note that there is no fix for# this currently, as even performing fsync in a different thread will block# our synchronous write(2) call.## In order to mitigate this problem its possible to use the following option# that will prevent fsync() from being called in the main process while a# BGSAVE or BGREWRITEAOF is in progress.## This means that while another child is saving the durability of Redis is# the same as appendfsync none, that in pratical terms means that it is# possible to lost up to 30 seconds of log in the worst scenario (with the# default Linux settings).# # If you have latency problems turn this to yes. Otherwise leave it as# no that is the safest pick from the point of view of durability.no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no# Automatic rewrite of the append only file.# Redis is able to automatically rewrite the log file implicitly calling# BGREWRITEAOF when the AOF log size will growth by the specified percentage.# # This is how it works: Redis remembers the size of the AOF file after the# latest rewrite (or if no rewrite happened since the restart, the size of# the AOF at startup is used).## This base size is compared to the current size. If the current size is# bigger than the specified percentage, the rewrite is triggered. Also# you need to specify a minimal size for the AOF file to be rewritten, this# is useful to avoid rewriting the AOF file even if the percentage increase# is reached but it is still pretty small.## Specify a precentage of zero in order to disable the automatic AOF# rewrite feature.auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb################################## SLOW LOG #################################### The Redis Slow Log is a system to log queries that exceeded a specified# execution time. The execution time does not include the I/O operations# like talking with the client, sending the reply and so forth,# but just the time needed to actually execute the command (this is the only# stage of command execution where the thread is blocked and can not serve# other requests in the meantime).# # You can configure the slow log with two parameters: one tells Redis# what is the execution time, in microseconds, to exceed in order for the# command to get logged, and the other parameter is the length of the# slow log. When a new command is logged the oldest one is removed from the# queue of logged commands.# The following time is expressed in microseconds, so 1000000 is equivalent# to one second. Note that a negative number disables the slow log, while# a value of zero forces the logging of every command.slowlog-log-slower-than 10000# There is no limit to this length. Just be aware that it will consume memory.# You can reclaim memory used by the slow log with SLOWLOG RESET.slowlog-max-len 1024################################ VIRTUAL MEMORY ################################## WARNING! Virtual Memory is deprecated in Redis 2.4### The use of Virtual Memory is strongly discouraged.### WARNING! Virtual Memory is deprecated in Redis 2.4### The use of Virtual Memory is strongly discouraged.# Virtual Memory allows Redis to work with datasets bigger than the actual# amount of RAM needed to hold the whole dataset in memory.# In order to do so very used keys are taken in memory while the other keys# are swapped into a swap file, similarly to what operating systems do# with memory pages.## To enable VM just set vm-enabled to yes, and set the following three# VM parameters accordingly to your needs.vm-enabled no指定是否启用虚拟内存机制默认值为no简单的介绍一下VM机制将数据分页存放由Redis将访问量较少的页即冷数据swap到磁盘上访问多的页面由磁盘自动换出到内存中在后面的文章我会仔细分析Redis的VM机制# vm-enabled yes# This is the path of the Redis swap file. As you can guess, swap files# cant be shared by different Redis instances, so make sure to use a swap# file for every redis process you are running. Redis will complain if the# swap file is already in use.## The best kind of storage for the Redis swap file (thats accessed at random) # is a Solid State Disk (SSD).## *** WARNING *** if you are using a shared hosting the default of putting# the swap file under /tmp is not secure. Create a dir with access granted# only to Redis user and configure Redis to create the swap file there.vm-swap-file /tmp/redis.swap虚拟内存文件路径默认值为/tmp/redis.swap不可多个Redis实例共享# vm-max-memory configures the VM to use at max the specified amount of# RAM. Everything that deos not fit will be swapped on disk *if* possible, that# is, if there is still enough contiguous space in the swap file.## With vm-max-memory 0 the system will swap everything it can. Not a good# default, just specify the max amount of RAM you can in bytes, but its# better to leave some margin. For instance specify an amount of RAM# thats more or less between 60 and 80% of your free RAM.vm-max-memory 0将所有大于vm-max-memory的数据存入虚拟内存,无论vm-max-memory设置多小,所有索引数据都是内存存储的(Redis的索引数据 就是keys),也就是说,当vm-max-memory设置为0的时候,其实是所有value都存在于磁盘。默认值为0# Redis swap files is split into pages. An object can be saved using multiple# contiguous pages, but pages cant be shared between different objects.# So if your page is too big, small objects swapped out on disk will waste# a lot of space. If you page is too small, there is less space in the swap# file (assuming you configured the same number of total swap file pages).## If you use a lot of small objects, use a page size of 64 or 32 bytes.# If you use a lot of big objects, use a bigger page size.# If unsure, use the default :)vm-page-size 32Redis swap文件分成了很多的page一个对象可以保存在多个page上面但一个page上不能被多个对象共享vm-page-size是要根据存储的 数据大小来设定的作者建议如果存储很多小对象page大小最好设置为32或者64bytes如果存储很大大对象则可以使用更大的page如果不 确定就使用默认值# Number of total memory pages in the swap file.# Given that the page table (a bitmap of free/used pages) is taken in memory,# every 8 pages on disk will consume 1 byte of RAM.## The total swap size is vm-page-size * vm-pages## With the default of 32-bytes memory pages and 134217728 pages Redis will# use a 4 GB swap file, that will use 16 MB of RAM for the page table.## Its better to use the smallest acceptable value for your application,# but the default is large in order to work in most conditions.vm-pages 134217728设置swap文件中的page数量由于页表一种表示页面空闲或使用的bitmap是在放在内存中的在磁盘上每8个pages将消耗1byte的内存。# Max number of VM I/O threads running at the same time.# This threads are used to read/write data from/to swap file, since they# also encode and decode objects from disk to memory or the reverse, a bigger# number of threads can help with big objects even if they cant help with# I/O itself as the physical device may not be able to couple with many# reads/writes operations at the same time.## The special value of 0 turn off threaded I/O and enables the blocking# Virtual Memory implementation.vm-max-threads 4设置访问swap文件的线程数,最好不要超过机器的核数,如果设置为0,那么所有对swap文件的操作都是串行的可能会造成比较长时间的延迟。默认值为4############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ################################ Hashes are encoded in a special way (much more memory efficient) when they# have at max a given numer of elements, and the biggest element does not# exceed a given threshold. You can configure this limits with the following# configuration directives.hash-max-zipmap-entries 512hash-max-zipmap-value 64指定在超过一定的数量或者最大的元素超过某一临界值时采用一种特殊的哈希算法# Similarly to hashes, small lists are also encoded in a special way in order# to save a lot of space. The special representation is only used when# you are under the following limits:list-max-ziplist-entries 512list-max-ziplist-value 64# Sets have a special encoding in just one case: when a set is composed# of just strings that happens to be integers in radix 10 in the range# of 64 bit signed integers.# The following configuration setting sets the limit in the size of the# set in order to use this special memory saving encoding.set-max-intset-entries 512# Similarly to hashes and lists, sorted sets are also specially encoded in# order to save a lot of space. This encoding is only used when the length and# elements of a sorted set are below the following limits:zset-max-ziplist-entries 128zset-max-ziplist-value 64# Active rehashing uses 1 millisecond every 100 milliseconds of CPU time in# order to help rehashing the main Redis hash table (the one mapping top-level# keys to values). The hash table implementation redis uses (see dict.c)# performs a lazy rehashing: the more operation you run into an hash table# that is rhashing, the more rehashing steps are performed, so if the# server is idle the rehashing is never complete and some more memory is used# by the hash table.# # The default is to use this millisecond 10 times every second in order to# active rehashing the main dictionaries, freeing memory when possible.## If unsure:# use activerehashing no if you have hard latency requirements and it is# not a good thing in your environment that Redis can reply form time to time# to queries with 2 milliseconds delay.## use activerehashing yes if you dont have such hard requirements but# want to free memory asap when possible.activerehashing yes################################## INCLUDES #################################### Include one or more other config files here. This is useful if you# have a standard template that goes to all redis server but also need# to customize a few per-server settings. Include files can include# other files, so use this wisely.## include /path/to/local.conf# include /path/to/other.conf 转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/toosuo/p/4252048.html
