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1. Docker镜像相关命令(重点掌握)
1.1 docker pull 镜像名称 [:tag] 拉取镜像
1.2 docker search 镜向名称 (查询某个镜像)
1.3 docker images 列出当前主机上所有镜像
1.4 docker rmi 镜像ID 删除镜像
1.5 docker system df 查看所有镜像容器所占空间
2. Docker …目录
1. Docker镜像相关命令(重点掌握)
1.1 docker pull 镜像名称 [:tag] 拉取镜像
1.2 docker search 镜向名称 (查询某个镜像)
1.3 docker images 列出当前主机上所有镜像
1.4 docker rmi 镜像ID 删除镜像
1.5 docker system df 查看所有镜像容器所占空间
2. Docker 虚悬镜像是什么
3. 启动Docker
4. 查看Docker运行状态
5. 重启Docker
6. 停止Dokcer
7. 配置开机启动docker
8. 查看 docker 所有命令 1. Docker镜像相关命令(重点掌握)
1.1 docker pull 镜像名称 [:tag] 拉取镜像
可以看到我在后面加上了[:tag]这个是版本号的意思因为同一个镜像也许会有多种不同的版本如果你加默认就是给你拉取 latest最新版的这一点要记住哦
如下所示我拉取 redis 镜像它默认就是下载的最新的。
[rootlocalhost docker]# docker pull redis
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/redis
a378f10b3218: Pull complete
b266cd8112a6: Pull complete
7ba86e6448de: Pull complete
3aeb7c9e9a5f: Pull complete
de3be2a98bda: Pull complete
4f4fb700ef54: Pull complete
98e18d21aa3b: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:1f1bd4adf5dabf173b235ba373faef55f3ad53394791d1473763bf5a2181780d
Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:latest
docker.io/library/redis:latest1.2 docker search 镜向名称 (查询某个镜像)
如下我运行此命令查询 nginx 镜像都有哪些返回了一大堆
[rootlocalhost ~]# docker search nginx
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
nginx Official build of Nginx. 19145 [OK]
unit Official build of NGINX Unit: Universal Web … 15 [OK]
nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles 127
nginx/nginx-ingress NGINX and NGINX Plus Ingress Controllers fo… 82
nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter NGINX Prometheus Exporter for NGINX and NGIN… 33
nginxinc/nginx-s3-gateway Authenticating and caching gateway based on … 2
nginx/unit This repository is retired, use the Docker o… 64
nginx/nginx-ingress-operator NGINX Ingress Operator for NGINX and NGINX P… 1
nginxinc/amplify-agent NGINX Amplify Agent docker repository 1
nginx/nginx-quic-qns NGINX QUIC interop 1
nginxinc/ingress-demo Ingress Demo 4
nginxproxy/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 115
nginxproxy/acme-companion Automated ACME SSL certificate generation fo… 125
bitnami/nginx Bitnami nginx Docker Image 176 [OK]
bitnami/nginx-ingress-controller Bitnami Docker Image for NGINX Ingress Contr… 30 [OK]
ubuntu/nginx Nginx, a high-performance reverse proxy we… 102
nginxinc/nginmesh_proxy_debug 0
nginxproxy/docker-gen Generate files from docker container meta-da… 12
nginxinc/mra-fakes3 0
kasmweb/nginx An Nginx image based off nginx:alpine and in… 6
rancher/nginx-ingress-controller 11
nginxinc/ngx-rust-tool 0
nginxinc/mra_python_base 0
nginxinc/nginmesh_proxy_init 0
如果有同学觉得比较多我们可以在 search 后面加后缀 --limit N 显示几个如下 --limit 5 表示显示排行榜前5个。
[rootlocalhost ~]# docker search --limit 5 redis
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
redis Redis is an open source key-value store that… 12425 [OK]
redislabs/redisearch Redis With the RedisSearch module pre-loaded… 59
redislabs/redisinsight RedisInsight - The GUI for Redis 91
redis/redis-stack-server redis-stack-server installs a Redis server w… 57
redislabs/rebloom A probablistic datatypes module for Redis 24 [OK]最上面的NAMEDESCRIPTSTARTSOFFICIALAUTOMATED是参数这些参数的含义如下图中所示一般情况下选择第一个镜像就可以了第一个通常是官方镜像。 1.3 docker images 列出当前主机上所有镜像
刚才我已经拉取了一个 redis 镜像下面我们使用这个命令查看一下可以看到已经查询到了
TAG镜像版本
IMAGE ID镜像ID
SIZE镜像大小
[rootlocalhost docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
redis latest e579380d4317 6 days ago 138MB1.4 docker rmi 镜像ID 删除镜像
我将刚才拉取下来的 redis 镜像再删除然后 docker images 重新查看可以看到此时已经没有镜像了redis 镜像已经没有了。
还有一点需要注意后面的镜像ID可以写多个表示删除多个。
[rootlocalhost docker]# docker rmi e579380d4317
Untagged: redis:latest
Untagged: redissha256:1f1bd4adf5dabf173b235ba373faef55f3ad53394791d1473763bf5a2181780d
Deleted: sha256:e579380d43178bcee8c8b219063605f45e035238335db5d3b3e95c5e38145700
Deleted: sha256:b1f68d2cfdde30e7bfe3002347c37bf6b872216fa8faaa612d06c9ec59668021
Deleted: sha256:562c06f2b95aea14af2496f9d4b9206efd39680b547232a7d4077137eb615d04
Deleted: sha256:28a572fe2e73a8bf90e92ed1a072c9227d019cdc202c2c88cd34c44f7ab45eee
Deleted: sha256:02b286a9390e2cd90268def73af145e1d09ac52aaa664d83bd0930373b2d62e2
Deleted: sha256:3d1901f414d075be1012ec6ba638b0b2005c79d414f677e8317f3fb7a1cab474
Deleted: sha256:3441e2762aa905a8939c32d5ac0d80e7f7222773fa1095825bfe9da360859be9
Deleted: sha256:cb4596cc145400fb1f2aa56d41516b39a366ecdee7bf3f9191116444aacd8c90[rootlocalhost docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE1.5 docker system df 查看所有镜像容器所占空间
上面我说到了 docker images 可以查看所有镜像而 docker system df 则可以帮助我们查看所有镜像/容器/数据卷占用的空间(这里补充一句各个镜像独立运行相互隔离每个运行的镜像就是一个容器)
刚才我拉取了三个镜像如下所示运行命令之后docker 就会把容器镜像数据卷各自占用的比例列出这里我一个都没有运行全都只是拉取下来的景象所以占比为100%
[rootlocalhost docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 593aee2afb64 6 hours ago 187MB
redis latest e579380d4317 6 days ago 138MB
mysql latest ae2502152260 2 months ago 574MB
[rootlocalhost docker]#
[rootlocalhost docker]# docker system df
TYPE TOTAL ACTIVE SIZE RECLAIMABLE
Images 3 0 823.7MB 823.7MB (100%)
Containers 0 0 0B 0B
Local Volumes 0 0 0B 0B
Build Cache 0 0 0B 0B2. Docker 虚悬镜像是什么
这也算是一个小的面试题通过上面的学习我们学会了使用 docker images 查看当前所有已有的docker 镜像。
但有些时候查询出来的镜像的名字和版本都是none只有镜像ID和大小如下图。也就是说这个镜像我们不知道它是什么东西不能确定这种镜像称之为虚悬镜像。 这种镜像通常没什么用建议删除有时候是因为镜像下载过程中出现了问题有时候是因为构建镜像时出现了问题。 3. 启动Docker
systemctl start docker
如下在 Linux 操作系统中只要没有报错就代表启动成功
[zhangsirlocalhost ~]$ systemctl start docker4. 查看Docker运行状态
systemctl status docker
刚才启动成功查看一下运行状态如下所示Active为running表示正在运行中
[rootlocalhost ~]# systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container EngineLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Wed 2023-10-25 11:33:51 CST; 6s agoDocs: https://docs.docker.comMain PID: 9895 (dockerd)Tasks: 7Memory: 71.2MCGroup: /system.slice/docker.service└─9895 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd/run/containerd/containerd.sockOct 25 11:33:50 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Docker Application Container Engine...
Oct 25 11:33:50 localhost.localdomain dockerd[9895]: time2023-10-25T11:33:50.96147825208:00 levelinfo msgStarting up
Oct 25 11:33:51 localhost.localdomain dockerd[9895]: time2023-10-25T11:33:51.00312497508:00 levelinfo msg[graphdriver] using prior storage driver: overlay2
Oct 25 11:33:51 localhost.localdomain dockerd[9895]: time2023-10-25T11:33:51.00345499208:00 levelinfo msgLoading containers: start.
Oct 25 11:33:51 localhost.localdomain dockerd[9895]: time2023-10-25T11:33:51.06384688408:00 levelinfo msgDefault bridge (docker0) is assigned with an IP address 172.17.0.0/16. Daemon option --bip can be used to set a preferred IP address
Oct 25 11:33:51 localhost.localdomain dockerd[9895]: time2023-10-25T11:33:51.08633861508:00 levelinfo msgLoading containers: done.
Oct 25 11:33:51 localhost.localdomain dockerd[9895]: time2023-10-25T11:33:51.10971479108:00 levelinfo msgDocker daemon commita61e2b4 graphdriveroverlay2 version24.0.5
Oct 25 11:33:51 localhost.localdomain dockerd[9895]: time2023-10-25T11:33:51.10975615808:00 levelinfo msgDaemon has completed initialization
Oct 25 11:33:51 localhost.localdomain dockerd[9895]: time2023-10-25T11:33:51.12906147008:00 levelinfo msgAPI listen on /run/docker.sock
Oct 25 11:33:51 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.5. 重启Docker
systemctl restart docker
重启 docker命令与启动docker相似加了一个前缀 re只要没有报错就代表重启成功在查询一下状态也显示正在运行中
[rootlocalhost ~]# systemctl restart docker
[rootlocalhost ~]#
[rootlocalhost ~]# systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container EngineLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Wed 2023-10-25 11:35:37 CST; 1min 21s agoDocs: https://docs.docker.comMain PID: 10094 (dockerd)Tasks: 7Memory: 30.2MCGroup: /system.slice/docker.service└─10094 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd/run/containerd/containerd.sockOct 25 11:35:36 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Docker Application Container Engine...
Oct 25 11:35:37 localhost.localdomain dockerd[10094]: time2023-10-25T11:35:37.06550807308:00 levelinfo msgStarting up
Oct 25 11:35:37 localhost.localdomain dockerd[10094]: time2023-10-25T11:35:37.08220161808:00 levelinfo msg[graphdriver] using prior storage driver: overlay2
Oct 25 11:35:37 localhost.localdomain dockerd[10094]: time2023-10-25T11:35:37.08232352608:00 levelinfo msgLoading containers: start.
Oct 25 11:35:37 localhost.localdomain dockerd[10094]: time2023-10-25T11:35:37.13633990408:00 levelinfo msgDefault bridge (docker0) is assigned with an IP address 172.17.0.0/16. Daemon option --bip can be used to set a preferred IP address
Oct 25 11:35:37 localhost.localdomain dockerd[10094]: time2023-10-25T11:35:37.15349323408:00 levelinfo msgLoading containers: done.
Oct 25 11:35:37 localhost.localdomain dockerd[10094]: time2023-10-25T11:35:37.16172780408:00 levelinfo msgDocker daemon commita61e2b4 graphdriveroverlay2 version24.0.5
Oct 25 11:35:37 localhost.localdomain dockerd[10094]: time2023-10-25T11:35:37.16176240908:00 levelinfo msgDaemon has completed initialization
Oct 25 11:35:37 localhost.localdomain dockerd[10094]: time2023-10-25T11:35:37.17553281108:00 levelinfo msgAPI listen on /run/docker.sock
Oct 25 11:35:37 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine. 6. 停止Dokcer
systemctl stop docker
在停止之后它给了一个警告 Stopping docker.service, but it can still be activated by: docker.socket
翻译过来就是 停止docker.service但它仍然可以由docker.socket激活。
查看状态此时docker已经停止处于 dead 死亡状态。
[rootlocalhost ~]# systemctl stop docker
Warning: Stopping docker.service, but it can still be activated by:docker.socket
[rootlocalhost ~]# systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container EngineLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: inactive (dead) since Wed 2023-10-25 11:38:17 CST; 1min 20s agoDocs: https://docs.docker.comProcess: 10094 ExecStart/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd/run/containerd/containerd.sock (codeexited, status0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 10094 (codeexited, status0/SUCCESS)Oct 25 11:35:37 localhost.localdomain dockerd[10094]: time2023-10-25T11:35:37.13633990408:00 levelinfo msgDefault bridge (docker0) is assigned with an IP address 172.17.0.0/16. Daemon option --bip can be used to set a preferred IP address
Oct 25 11:35:37 localhost.localdomain dockerd[10094]: time2023-10-25T11:35:37.15349323408:00 levelinfo msgLoading containers: done.
Oct 25 11:35:37 localhost.localdomain dockerd[10094]: time2023-10-25T11:35:37.16172780408:00 levelinfo msgDocker daemon commita61e2b4 graphdriveroverlay2 version24.0.5
Oct 25 11:35:37 localhost.localdomain dockerd[10094]: time2023-10-25T11:35:37.16176240908:00 levelinfo msgDaemon has completed initialization
Oct 25 11:35:37 localhost.localdomain dockerd[10094]: time2023-10-25T11:35:37.17553281108:00 levelinfo msgAPI listen on /run/docker.sock
Oct 25 11:35:37 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
Oct 25 11:38:17 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopping Docker Application Container Engine...
Oct 25 11:38:17 localhost.localdomain dockerd[10094]: time2023-10-25T11:38:17.41800320708:00 levelinfo msgProcessing signal terminated
Oct 25 11:38:17 localhost.localdomain dockerd[10094]: time2023-10-25T11:38:17.41882278008:00 levelinfo msgDaemon shutdown complete
Oct 25 11:38:17 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopped Docker Application Container Engine.7. 配置开机启动docker
systemctl enable docker
运行这个命令之后以后只要你启动了 Linux 服务器Doker就会跟着启动不需要每次都使用上面的启动命令
[rootlocalhost ~]# systemctl enable docker
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.8. 查看 docker 所有命令
docker --help
运行该命令docker会给我们返回所有可执行命令后面还有它的英文解释大多也都不常用同学们可以用到哪个查哪个。
[rootlocalhost ~]# docker --helpUsage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMANDA self-sufficient runtime for containersCommon Commands:run Create and run a new container from an imageexec Execute a command in a running containerps List containersbuild Build an image from a Dockerfilepull Download an image from a registrypush Upload an image to a registryimages List imageslogin Log in to a registrylogout Log out from a registrysearch Search Docker Hub for imagesversion Show the Docker version informationinfo Display system-wide informationManagement Commands:builder Manage buildsbuildx* Docker Buildx (Docker Inc., v0.11.2)compose* Docker Compose (Docker Inc., v2.20.2)container Manage containerscontext Manage contextsimage Manage imagesmanifest Manage Docker image manifests and manifest listsnetwork Manage networksplugin Manage pluginssystem Manage Dockertrust Manage trust on Docker imagesvolume Manage volumesSwarm Commands:swarm Manage SwarmCommands:attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running containercommit Create a new image from a containers changescp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystemcreate Create a new containerdiff Inspect changes to files or directories on a containers filesystemevents Get real time events from the serverexport Export a containers filesystem as a tar archivehistory Show the history of an imageimport Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem imageinspect Return low-level information on Docker objectskill Kill one or more running containersload Load an image from a tar archive or STDINlogs Fetch the logs of a containerpause Pause all processes within one or more containersport List port mappings or a specific mapping for the containerrename Rename a containerrestart Restart one or more containersrm Remove one or more containersrmi Remove one or more imagessave Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)start Start one or more stopped containersstats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statisticsstop Stop one or more running containerstag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGEtop Display the running processes of a containerunpause Unpause all processes within one or more containersupdate Update configuration of one or more containerswait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codesGlobal Options:--config string Location of client config files (default /root/.docker)-c, --context string Name of the context to use to connect to the daemon (overrides DOCKER_HOST env var and default context set with docker context use)-D, --debug Enable debug mode-H, --host list Daemon socket to connect to-l, --log-level string Set the logging level (debug, info, warn, error, fatal) (default info)--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify--tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default /root/.docker/ca.pem)--tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default /root/.docker/cert.pem)--tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default /root/.docker/key.pem)--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote-v, --version Print version information and quitRun docker COMMAND --help for more information on a command.For more help on how to use Docker, head to https://docs.docker.com/go/guides/
