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上一篇介绍了Dockerfile中使用的指令#xff0c;现在开始进行指令实践
先查看下本地的镜像#xff0c;选一个作为base image#xf…前些天发现了一个巨牛的人工智能学习网站通俗易懂风趣幽默忍不住分享一下给大家。点击跳转到教程。
上一篇介绍了Dockerfile中使用的指令现在开始进行指令实践
先查看下本地的镜像选一个作为base image
[rootdocker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
wadeson/centos_nginx v1 210a202d37b8 2 hours ago 464MB
nginx latest c59f17fe53b0 4 days ago 108MB
ubuntu latest 747cb2d60bbe 3 weeks ago 122MB
centos latest 196e0ce0c9fb 6 weeks ago 197MB
在某一个目录下面创建一个专门存放此demo的目录也就是Dockerfile所在的context
[rootdocker ~]# mkdir docker_demo
[rootdocker ~]# cd docker_demo/
[rootdocker docker_demo]# touch Dockerfile
[rootdocker docker_demo]# pwd
/root/docker_demo
[rootdocker docker_demo]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Nov 1 04:34 Dockerfile
接下来就开始编写Dockerfile文件了注意Dockerfile的D需要大写
这里以编译nginx提供web服务来构建新的镜像
1、下载nginx源码包到docker_demo这个目录下
[rootdocker docker_demo]# ll
total 960
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Nov 1 04:34 Dockerfile
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 981687 Oct 17 09:20 nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
2、以下是编写好的Dockerfile v1版
[rootdocker docker_demo]# cat Dockerfile
# base image
FROM centos# MAINTAINER
MAINTAINER json_hc163.com# put nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz into /usr/local/src and unpack nginx
ADD nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz /usr/local/src# running required command
RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c glibc make autoconf openssl openssl-devel
RUN yum install -y libxslt-devel -y gd gd-devel GeoIP GeoIP-devel pcre pcre-devel
RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx# change dir to /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2# execute command to compile nginx
RUN ./configure --usernginx --groupnginx --prefix/usr/local/nginx --with-file-aio --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_xslt_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_geoip_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_stub_status_module make make installEXPOSE 80
3、查看docker_demo目录情况
[rootdocker docker_demo]# ll
total 964
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1112 Nov 1 04:58 Dockerfile
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 981687 Oct 17 09:20 nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
4、执行docker build进行构建
docker build -t centos_nginx:v1 .
后面的.代表的是相对路径的当前目录如果需要全路径则为/root/docker_demo就是找到Dockerfile文件
构建成功后查看新构建的镜像
[rootdocker docker_demo]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos_nginx v1 78d18f16e757 4 hours ago 464MB
wadeson/centos_nginx v1 210a202d37b8 7 hours ago 464MB
nginx latest c59f17fe53b0 4 days ago 108MB
ubuntu latest 747cb2d60bbe 3 weeks ago 122MB
centos latest 196e0ce0c9fb 6 weeks ago 197MB
5、然后使用构建的镜像启动一个container并开启nginx服务
[rootdocker docker_demo]# docker run -d centos_nginx:v1 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -g daemon off;
ea5af922378356a5ebff60992f000b186b09d1e8d6a4915b0b8ccf997ca12404
然后查看启动的container是否在运行
[rootdocker docker_demo]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ea5af9223783 centos_nginx:v1 /usr/local/nginx/... 7 seconds ago Up 6 seconds 80/tcp flamboyant_carson
虽然nginx服务开启了但是port并没有进行映射到本机host所以这个container并不能进行访问重新启动一个进行了映射端口的容器
[rootdocker docker_demo]# docker run -d -p80:80 centos_nginx:v1 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -g daemon off;
e4b6e4846dedc6f130e028701c84828a635f3b367c0d500ebd947de16b1be0b2
再次查看端口映射信息
[rootdocker docker_demo]# docker port e4b6e4846ded
80/tcp - 0.0.0.0:80
于是进行访问 于是基于Dockerfile的一个简单实例构建完成现在基于这个Dockerfile文件依次添加其他的指令进行构建
添加ENV环境变量指令
[rootdocker docker_demo]# cat Dockerfile
# base image
FROM centos# MAINTAINER
MAINTAINER json_hc163.com# put nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz into /usr/local/src and unpack nginx
ADD nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz /usr/local/src# running required command
RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c glibc make autoconf openssl openssl-devel
RUN yum install -y libxslt-devel -y gd gd-devel GeoIP GeoIP-devel pcre pcre-devel
RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx# change dir to /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2# execute command to compile nginx
RUN ./configure --usernginx --groupnginx --prefix/usr/local/nginx --with-file-aio --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_xslt_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_geoip_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_stub_status_module make make installENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATHEXPOSE 80
然后进行构建
rootdocker docker_demo]# docker build -t centos_nginx:v2 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 985.6kB
Step 1/10 : FROM centos
--- 196e0ce0c9fb
Step 2/10 : MAINTAINER json_hc163.com
--- Using cache
--- cde1d7830106
Step 3/10 : ADD nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz /usr/local/src
--- Using cache
--- 1e4d16340af0
Step 4/10 : RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c glibc make autoconf openssl openssl-devel
--- Using cache
--- 405835ad9b0b
Step 5/10 : RUN yum install -y libxslt-devel -y gd gd-devel GeoIP GeoIP-devel pcre pcre-devel
--- Using cache
--- 4002738cf7a6
Step 6/10 : RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
--- Using cache
--- 02961c5c564d
Step 7/10 : WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2
--- Using cache
--- f1da71a93c5e
Step 8/10 : RUN ./configure --usernginx --groupnginx --prefix/usr/local/nginx --with-file-aio --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_xslt_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_geoip_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_stub_status_module make make install
--- Using cache
--- cd2ad4c45004
Step 9/10 : ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
--- Running in 07ba2f7129bc
--- 9588fa1058aa
Removing intermediate container 07ba2f7129bc
Step 10/10 : EXPOSE 80
--- Running in 473cd847154a
--- 2031faf8894a
Removing intermediate container 473cd847154a
Successfully built 2031faf8894a
Successfully tagged centos_nginx:v2
由于在构建的过程中docker会采用缓存的机制上面的构建过程中包含很多using cache所以这次构建非常快如果需要重新构建不想使用cache需要添加--no-cache
--no-cache Do not use cache when building the image
查看v2版本的镜像
[rootdocker docker_demo]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos_nginx v2 2031faf8894a 2 minutes ago 464MB
使用v2版本的镜像启动一个container
[rootdocker docker_demo]# docker run -d -p81:80 centos_nginx:v2 nginx -g daemon off;
da48b465b1b1a14824497d724eee52b8408270b3b5223c5dd7094b7c0cef211d
查看container运行状态
[rootdocker docker_demo]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
da48b465b1b1 centos_nginx:v2 nginx -g daemon ... 23 seconds ago Up 22 seconds 0.0.0.0:81-80/tcp determined_neumann
进行访问 上述启动容器的过程中使用的命令docker run -d -p81:80 centos_nginx:v2 nginx -g daemon off;为什么这里使用的nginx而不是
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx因为在Dockerfile文化中执行了PATH/usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH添加到了环境变量 添加指令CMD
rootdocker docker_demo]# cat Dockerfile
# base image
FROM centos# MAINTAINER
MAINTAINER json_hc163.com# put nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz into /usr/local/src and unpack nginx
ADD nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz /usr/local/src# running required command
RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c glibc make autoconf openssl openssl-devel
RUN yum install -y libxslt-devel -y gd gd-devel GeoIP GeoIP-devel pcre pcre-devel
RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx# change dir to /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2# execute command to compile nginx
RUN ./configure --usernginx --groupnginx --prefix/usr/local/nginx --with-file-aio --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_xslt_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_geoip_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_stub_status_module make make installENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATHEXPOSE 80CMD /bin/sh -c nginx -g daemon off;
然后进行构建
[rootdocker docker_demo]# docker build -t centos_nginx:v3 .
查看v3版本的镜像
[rootdocker docker_demo]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos_nginx v3 0e49a2c0562f 11 seconds ago 464MB
然后基于v3版本的镜像启动一个container
[rootdocker docker_demo]# docker run -d -p82:80 centos_nginx:v3
d988c04d04f49b909f28e7b664be3959a0d51b951f1c1b04fcf5c716552b7c41
查看启动的容器状态
[rootdocker docker_demo]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d988c04d04f4 centos_nginx:v3 /bin/sh -c /bin/... 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds 0.0.0.0:82-80/tcp optimistic_saha
最后进行访问 新增加的CMD /bin/sh -c nginx -g daemon off;表示
当启动一个container时默认运行的命令如果在启动container时赋予了command的化那么
定义的CMD中的命令将不会被执行而会去执行command的命令 添加entrypoint指令
rootdocker docker_demo]# cat Dockerfile
# base image
FROM centos# MAINTAINER
MAINTAINER json_hc163.com# put nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz into /usr/local/src and unpack nginx
ADD nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz /usr/local/src# running required command
RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c glibc make autoconf openssl openssl-devel
RUN yum install -y libxslt-devel -y gd gd-devel GeoIP GeoIP-devel pcre pcre-devel
RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx# change dir to /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2# execute command to compile nginx
RUN ./configure --usernginx --groupnginx --prefix/usr/local/nginx --with-file-aio --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_xslt_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_geoip_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_stub_status_module make make installENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATHEXPOSE 80ENTRYPOINT [nginx]CMD [-g,daemon off;]
当ENTRYPOINT和CMD连用时CMD的命令是ENTRYPOINT命令的参数两者连用相当于nginx -g daemon off;
而当一起连用的时候命令格式最好一致这里选择的都是json格式的是成功的如果都是sh模式可以试一下
开始进行构建v4版本
[rootdocker docker_demo]# docker build -t centos_nginx:v4 .
查看新建的镜像
[rootdocker docker_demo]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos_nginx v4 6c5128aaff05 4 minutes ago 464MB
为v4版本的镜像启动一个container
[rootdocker docker_demo]# docker run -d -p83:80 centos_nginx:v4
6933c78255f3cebe44d4d5d080caf8a2fde45ded2f9b333ec01cdfe98cd5f417
然后查看容器状态
[rootdocker docker_demo]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6933c78255f3 centos_nginx:v4 nginx -g daemon ... 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds 0.0.0.0:83-80/tcp zealous_euclid
最后进行访问 这里增加一个案例如果Dockerfile修改成下面
rootdocker docker_demo]# cat Dockerfile
# base image
FROM centos# MAINTAINER
MAINTAINER json_hc163.com# put nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz into /usr/local/src and unpack nginx
ADD nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz /usr/local/src# running required command
RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c glibc make autoconf openssl openssl-devel
RUN yum install -y libxslt-devel -y gd gd-devel GeoIP GeoIP-devel pcre pcre-devel
RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx# change dir to /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2# execute command to compile nginx
RUN ./configure --usernginx --groupnginx --prefix/usr/local/nginx --with-file-aio --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_xslt_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_geoip_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_stub_status_module make make installENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATHEXPOSE 80ENTRYPOINT [nginx]CMD [-g,daemon on;]
CMD的命令修改为了后台我们知道如果容器内的进程在后台运行那么容器将不会运行现在以此构建v5版本镜像
[rootdocker docker_demo]# docker build -t centos_nginx:v5 .
查看v5版本的新镜像
[rootdocker docker_demo]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos_nginx v5 5c1131306686 29 seconds ago 464MB
现在利用v5版本镜像启动一个container但是在启动的时候添加后面的command
[rootdocker docker_demo]# docker run -d -p85:80 centos_nginx:v5 -g daemon off;
5e11edbbd2a0e184f1766c435c0d9b01ef5d74b57e2e2c3a1efed0cf2a2e037b
可以看见在后面新增了-g daemon off;前面说过如果增加了命令那么Dockerfile中的CMD中的命令将不会生效
查看容器运行状态
[rootdocker docker_demo]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5e11edbbd2a0 centos_nginx:v5 nginx -g daemon ... 3 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:85-80/tcp nifty_bartik
可以看见容器的运行丝毫没有问题于是nginx的服务依然还是在前台运行没有被CMD影响而新增加的command-g daemon off;
将作为ENTRYPOINT的新的参数以此为准于是进行访问端口85 添加VOLUME指令
rootdocker docker_demo]# cat Dockerfile
# base image
FROM centos# MAINTAINER
MAINTAINER json_hc163.com# put nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz into /usr/local/src and unpack nginx
ADD nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz /usr/local/src# running required command
RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c glibc make autoconf openssl openssl-devel
RUN yum install -y libxslt-devel -y gd gd-devel GeoIP GeoIP-devel pcre pcre-devel
RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx# mount a dir to container
VOLUME [/data]# change dir to /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2# execute command to compile nginx
RUN ./configure --usernginx --groupnginx --prefix/usr/local/nginx --with-file-aio --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_xslt_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_geoip_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_stub_status_module make make install# setup PATH
ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH# EXPOSE
EXPOSE 80# the command of entrypoint
ENTRYPOINT [nginx]CMD [-g]
开始进行构建
[rootdocker docker_demo]# docker build -t centos_nginx:v6 .
查看v6版本的镜像
[rootdocker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos_nginx v6 959fdf4d4288 35 seconds ago 464MB
利用该镜像启动一个container
[rootdocker ~]# docker run -d -p 86:80 --namenginx6 centos_nginx:v6 -g daemon off;
6c15a9e93fb1421bdb7eddaabe439996e97415e85a003f80c1d8b4b2c5ee3ffa
查看启动的容器状态
[rootdocker ~]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6c15a9e93fb1 centos_nginx:v6 nginx -g daemon ... 4 seconds ago Up 4 seconds 0.0.0.0:86-80/tcp nginx6
利用docker exec进入到container中查看是否存在卷/data
[root6c15a9e93fb1 /]# ll
total 16
-rw-r--r--. 8 root root 15836 Sep 11 15:53 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Sep 11 15:51 bin - usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 01:42 data
这个/data挂载的目录对应本机host的这个目录
[rootdocker _data]# pwd
/var/lib/docker/volumes/3490a9b7f9773b020343e82c1c4236d976b69eb6a80121eb80612d8c39e02820/_data
现在在本机host上的这个目录创建一个文件
[rootdocker _data]# touch wadeson.sh
[rootdocker _data]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Nov 1 21:45 wadeson.sh
然后切换到container中查看是否存在这个文件
[root6c15a9e93fb1 /]# ll /data/
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Nov 2 01:45 wadeson.sh
添加ONBUILD指令 Dockerfile1中base image为A镜像并在Dockerfile1中定义ONBUILD指令构建成新镜像B镜像 Dockerfile2中base image为B镜像构建成新镜像C 当使用镜像B启动的container1不会执行OBNUILD中定义的内容而使用C镜像启动的container2则会执行ONBUILD定义的内容
rootdocker docker_demo]# cat Dockerfile
# base image
FROM centos# MAINTAINER
MAINTAINER json_hc163.com# put nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz into /usr/local/src and unpack nginx
ADD nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz /usr/local/src# running required command
RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c glibc make autoconf openssl openssl-devel
RUN yum install -y libxslt-devel -y gd gd-devel GeoIP GeoIP-devel pcre pcre-devel
RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx# mount a dir to container
ONBUILD VOLUME [/data]# change dir to /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2# execute command to compile nginx
RUN ./configure --usernginx --groupnginx --prefix/usr/local/nginx --with-file-aio --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_xslt_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_geoip_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_stub_status_module make make install# setup PATH
ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH# EXPOSE
EXPOSE 80# the command of entrypoint
ENTRYPOINT [nginx]
CMD [-g]使用上面Dockerfile构建镜像版本v7
[rootdocker docker_demo]# docker run -d -p 87:80 --namenginx7 centos_nginx:v7 -g daemon off;
48f1fe5c71aefc0f9513e8085af8f5b7cdf14fa986fb3b11f2050f18ceefd26e
现在进入到容器内查看是否存在/data
[rootdocker ~]# docker exec -it nginx7 /bin/bash
[root48f1fe5c71ae nginx-1.12.2]# ll /data
ls: cannot access /data: No such file or directory
现在修改上面Dockerfile的FROM基于的base image
[rootdocker docker_demo]# cat Dockerfile
# base image
FROM centos_nginx:v7# MAINTAINER
MAINTAINER json_hc163.com
利用此Dockerfile构建镜像v8
[rootdocker docker_demo]# docker build -t centos_nginx:v8 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 986.6kB
Step 1/2 : FROM centos_nginx:v7
# Executing 1 build trigger...
Step 1/1 : VOLUME /data--- Running in a6187867513d--- 5ac07930be4c
Removing intermediate container a6187867513d
Step 2/2 : MAINTAINER json_hc163.com--- Running in e02dbf8219cf--- 6f792dc07c35
Removing intermediate container e02dbf8219cf
Successfully built 6f792dc07c35
Successfully tagged centos_nginx:v8
可以看见卷/data已经执行了操作现在启动一个container
[rootdocker docker_demo]# docker run -d -p 88:80 --namenginx8 centos_nginx:v8 -g daemon off;
6c2a847c5f6b59b02f91afecadbfc15c88d1217a477c0421a424bce6e5eb317a
查看容器状态并进入到容器验证/data目录
[rootdocker docker_demo]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6c2a847c5f6b centos_nginx:v8 nginx -g daemon ... 37 seconds ago Up 37 seconds 0.0.0.0:88-80/tcp nginx8
[rootdocker docker_demo]# docker exec -it nginx8 /bin/bash
[root6c2a847c5f6b nginx-1.12.2]# ll /data/
total 0
由此可见镜像v8包含了v7 的所有内容并且增加了ONBUILD的内容 转自https://www.cnblogs.com/jsonhc/p/7767669.html
