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Spring是一个轻量级的控制反转(IoC)和面向切面(AOP)的容器#xff08;框架#xff09;
Spring的优势
方便解耦#xff0c;简化开发 Spring就是一个容器#xff0c;可以将所有对象创建和关系维护交给Spring管理 什么是耦合度#xff1f;对象之间的关…Java SSM4——Spring
Spring是一个轻量级的控制反转(IoC)和面向切面(AOP)的容器框架
Spring的优势
方便解耦简化开发 Spring就是一个容器可以将所有对象创建和关系维护交给Spring管理 什么是耦合度对象之间的关系通常说当一个模块(对象)更改时也需要更改其他模块(对象)这就是耦合耦合度过高会使代码的维护成本增加。要尽量解耦 AOP编程的支持 Spring提供面向切面编程方便实现程序进行权限拦截运行监控等功能 声明式事务的支持 通过配置完成事务的管理无需手动编程 方便测试降低JavaEE API的使用 Spring对Junit4支持可以使用注解测试 方便集成各种优秀框架 不排除各种优秀的开源框架内部提供了对各种优秀框架的直接支持
1、IOC
Inverse Of Control控制反转配置文件解除硬编码反射解除编译器依赖
控制在java中指的是对象的控制权限创建、销毁反转指的是对象控制权由原来 由开发者在类中手动控制交由Spring管理
2、AOP
Aspect Oriented Programming面向切面编程动态代理方法增强
3、快速入门
默认为maven项目
3.1、导入依赖
dependencies!--spring--dependencygroupIdorg.springframework/groupIdartifactIdspring-context/artifactIdversion5.3.9/version/dependencydependencygroupIdjunit/groupIdartifactIdjunit/artifactIdversion4.13/versionscopetest/scope/dependency
/dependencies3.2、Spring核心配置文件
如无特殊需求我们默认spring核心配置文件名为applicationContent.xml
?xml version1.0 encodingUTF-8?
beans xmlnshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beansxmlns:xsihttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instancexsi:schemaLocationhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdbean idHelloSpring classclub.winkto.bean.HelloSpring/bean
/beans3.3、书写简单的类
public class HelloSpring {public void hellospring(){System.out.println(hello spring!);}
}3.4、测试
Test
public void test(){ClassPathXmlApplicationContext classPathXmlApplicationContext new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(applicationContent.xml);HelloSpring hellospring classPathXmlApplicationContext.getBean(hellospring, HelloSpring.class);hellospring.hellospring();
}4、Spring API BeanFactory也可以完成ApplicationContext完成的事情为什么我们要选择ApplicationContext
BeanFactory在第一次调用getBean()方法时创建指定对象的实例
ApplicationContext在spring容器启动时加载并创建所有对象的实例
4.1、常用实现类
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext 它是从类的根路径下加载配置文件 推荐使用这种FileSystemXmlApplicationContext 它是从磁盘路径上加载配置文件配置文件可以在磁盘的任意位置AnnotationConfigApplicationContext 当使用注解配置容器对象时需要使用此类来创建 spring 容器它用来读取注解
5、Spring IOC
5.1、bean
5.1.1、基础使用
bean id class/beanidBean实例在Spring容器中的唯一标识classBean的全限定名默认情况下它调用的是类中的 无参构造函数如果没有无参构造函数则不能创建成功
5.1.2、scope属性
bean id class scope/beansingleton单例默认 对象创建当应用加载创建容器时对象就被创建了对象运行只要容器在对象一直活着对象销毁当应用卸载销毁容器时对象就被销毁了 prototype多例 对象创建当使用对象时创建新的对象实例对象运行只要对象在使用中就一直活着对象销毁当对象长时间不用时被 Java 的垃圾回收器回收了
5.1.3、生命周期的配置
bean id class包名.类名 init-method指定class的方法 destroy-method指定class的方法/beaninit-method指定类中的初始化方法名称destroy-method指定类中销毁方法名称
5.1.4、Bean实例化的三种方式
5.1.4.1、构造器实例化
spring容器通过bean对应的默认的构造函数来实例化bean。
上述即是
5.1.4.2、 静态工厂方式实例化
bean id class包名.类名 factory-method指定class的方法 /首先创建一个静态工厂类在类中定义一个静态方法创建实例。
静态工厂类及静态方法
public class MyUserDaoFactory{//静态方法返回UserDaoImpl的实例对象public static UserDaoImpl createUserDao{return new UserDaoImpl();}
}xml配置文件
?xml version1.0 encodingUTF-8?
!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC -//SPRING//DTD BEAN//ENhttp://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd
beans!-- 将指定对象配置给spring让spring创建其实例 --bean iduserDao classcom.ioc.MyUserDaoFactory factory-methodcreateUserDao/
/beans5.1.4.3、 实例工厂方式实例化
bean id工厂类id class包名.类名/
bean id factory-bean工厂类id factorymethod工厂类id里的方法/该种方式的工厂类中不再使用静态方法创建Bean实例而是采用直接创建Bean实例的方式。同时在配置文件中需要实例化的Bean也不是通过class属性直接指向其实例化的类而是通过factory-bean属性配置一个实例工厂然后使用factory-method属性确定使用工厂中哪个方法。
工厂类方法
public class MyBeanFactory{public MyBeanFactory(){System.out.println(this is a bean factory);}public UserDaoImpl createUserDao(){return new UserDaoImpl();}
}xml配置文件
?xml version1.0 encodingUTF-8?
!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC -//SPRING//DTD BEAN//ENhttp://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd
beans!-- 配置工厂 --bean idmyBeanFactory classcom.ioc.MyBeanFactory/!-- 使用factory-bean属性配置一个实例工厂使用factory-method属性确定工厂中的哪个方法 --bean iduserDao factory-beanmyBeanFactory factory-methodcreateUserDao/
/beans主函数
public class Client {public static void main(String[] args) {// TODO Auto-generated method stub//此处定义xml文件放置的位置为src目录下的com/xml目录下String path com/xml/bean.xml;ApplicationContext application new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(path);UserDaoImpl userDao (UserDaoImpl) application.getBean(userDao);userDao.sayHello(); //调用UserDaoImpl类的sayHello方法}
}5.1.5、别名
5.1.5.1、alias标签
alias namehello aliashello1/alias
5.1.5.2、bean标签name属性
bean idHelloSpring namehello2 h2,h3;h4 classclub.winkto.bean.HelloSpring/bean可写多个别名分隔符为空格逗号分号均可
5.2、依赖注入DI
Spring 框架核心 IOC 的具体实现
5.2.1、构造方法
mapper
public interface WinktoMapper {void mapper();
}public class WinktoMapperImpl implements WinktoMapper {public void mapper() {System.out.println(假装自己有了数据库查询);}
}service
public interface WinktoService {void service();
}public class WinktoServiceImpl implements WinktoService {private int a;private WinktoMapperImpl winktoMapper;private Object[] arrays;private List list;private MapString,Object map;private Set set;private Properties properties;public WinktoServiceImpl(int a, WinktoMapperImpl winktoMapper, Object[] arrays, List list, MapString, Object map, Set set, Properties properties) {this.a a;this.winktoMapper winktoMapper;this.arrays arrays;this.list list;this.map map;this.set set;this.properties properties;}public void service() {System.out.println(假装自己开启了事务);winktoMapper.mapper();System.out.println();System.out.println(toString());System.out.println();System.out.println(假装自己提交了事务);}Overridepublic String toString() {return WinktoServiceImpl{ a a , winktoMapper winktoMapper , arrays arrays , list list , map map , set set , properties properties };}
}aplicationContent.xml bean idwinktoMapper classclub.winkto.mapper.WinktoMapperImpl/beanbean idwinktoService classclub.winkto.service.WinktoServiceImpl!--constructor-arg index0 value12/constructor-arg--!--constructor-arg index1 refwinktoMapper/constructor-arg--!--constructor-arg index2--!-- array--!-- value1/value--!-- ref beanwinktoMapper/ref--!-- /array--!--/constructor-arg--!--constructor-arg index3--!-- list--!-- value2/value--!-- ref beanwinktoMapper/ref--!-- /list--!--/constructor-arg--!--constructor-arg index4--!-- map--!-- entry keyname valuezhangsan/entry--!-- entry keyservice value-refwinktoMapper/entry--!-- /map--!--/constructor-arg--!--constructor-arg index5--!-- set--!-- value3/value--!-- ref beanwinktoMapper/ref--!-- /set--!--/constructor-arg--!--constructor-arg index6--!-- props--!-- prop keynamezhangsan/prop--!-- /props--!--/constructor-arg--constructor-arg namea value12/constructor-argconstructor-arg namewinktoMapper refwinktoMapper/constructor-argconstructor-arg namearraysarrayvalue1/valueref beanwinktoMapper/ref/array/constructor-argconstructor-arg namelistlistvalue2/valueref beanwinktoMapper/ref/list/constructor-argconstructor-arg namemapmapentry keyname valuezhangsan/entryentry keyservice value-refwinktoMapper/entry/map/constructor-argconstructor-arg namesetsetvalue3/valueref beanwinktoMapper/ref/set/constructor-argconstructor-arg namepropertiespropsprop keynamezhangsan/prop/props/constructor-arg/bean
/beans测试
Test
public void test(){ClassPathXmlApplicationContext classPathXmlApplicationContext new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(applicationContent.xml);WinktoService winktoService classPathXmlApplicationContext.getBean(winktoService, WinktoService.class);winktoService.service();
}5.2.2、set
mapper
public interface WinktoMapper {void mapper();
}public class WinktoMapperImpl implements WinktoMapper {public void mapper() {System.out.println(假装自己有了数据库查询);}
}service
public interface WinktoService {void service();
}public class WinktoServiceImpl implements WinktoService {private int a;private WinktoMapperImpl winktoMapper;private Object[] arrays;private List list;private MapString,Object map;private Set set;private Properties properties;public int getA() {return a;}public void setA(int a) {this.a a;}public WinktoMapperImpl getWinktoMapper() {return winktoMapper;}public void setWinktoMapper(WinktoMapperImpl winktoMapper) {this.winktoMapper winktoMapper;}public Object[] getArrayList() {return arrays;}public void setArrayList(Object[] arrays) {this.arrays arrays;}public List getList() {return list;}public void setList(List list) {this.list list;}public MapString, Object getMap() {return map;}public void setMap(MapString, Object map) {this.map map;}public Set getSet() {return set;}public void setSet(Set set) {this.set set;}public Properties getProperties() {return properties;}public void setProperties(Properties properties) {this.properties properties;}public void service() {System.out.println(假装自己开启了事务);winktoMapper.mapper();System.out.println();System.out.println(toString());System.out.println();System.out.println(假装自己提交了事务);}Overridepublic String toString() {return WinktoServiceImpl{ a a , winktoMapper winktoMapper , arrays arrays , list list , map map , set set , properties properties };}
}aplicationContent.xml
bean idwinktoMapper classclub.winkto.mapper.WinktoMapperImpl
/bean
bean idwinktoService classclub.winkto.service.WinktoServiceImplproperty namea value12/propertyproperty namewinktoMapper refwinktoMapper/propertyproperty namearrayListarrayvalue1/valueref beanwinktoMapper/ref/array/propertyproperty namelistlistvalue2/valueref beanwinktoMapper/ref/list/propertyproperty namemapmapentry keyname valuezhangsan/entryentry keyservice value-refwinktoMapper/entry/map/propertyproperty namesetsetvalue3/valueref beanwinktoMapper/ref/set/propertyproperty namepropertiespropsprop keynamezhangsan/prop/props/property
/bean测试
Test
public void test(){ClassPathXmlApplicationContext classPathXmlApplicationContext new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(applicationContent.xml);WinktoService winktoService classPathXmlApplicationContext.getBean(winktoService, WinktoService.class);winktoService.service();
}5.2.3、p命名空间简单示范
导入约束
xmlns:phttp://www.springframework.org/schema/p
mapper
public interface WinktoMapper {void mapper();
}
public class WinktoMapperImpl implements WinktoMapper {public void mapper() {System.out.println(假装自己有了数据库查询);}
}service
public interface WinktoService {void service();
}public class WinktoServiceImpl implements WinktoService {private WinktoMapperImpl winktoMapper;public WinktoMapperImpl getWinktoMapper() {return winktoMapper;}public void setWinktoMapper(WinktoMapperImpl winktoMapper) {this.winktoMapper winktoMapper;}public void service() {System.out.println(假装自己开启了事务);winktoMapper.mapper();System.out.println(假装自己提交了事务);}
}aplicationContent.xml
对于bean引用用p:xxx-ref否则使用p:xxx
bean idwinktoMapper classclub.winkto.mapper.WinktoMapperImpl
/bean
bean idwinktoService classclub.winkto.service.WinktoServiceImpl p:winktoMapper-refwinktoMapper
/bean测试
Test
public void test(){ClassPathXmlApplicationContext classPathXmlApplicationContext new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(applicationContent.xml);WinktoService winktoService classPathXmlApplicationContext.getBean(winktoService, WinktoService.class);winktoService.service();
}
5.2.4、c命名空间简单示范
导入约束
xmlns:chttp://www.springframework.org/schema/c
mapper
public interface WinktoMapper {void mapper();
}
public class WinktoMapperImpl implements WinktoMapper {public void mapper() {System.out.println(假装自己有了数据库查询);}
}
service
public interface WinktoService {void service();
}
public class WinktoServiceImpl implements WinktoService {private WinktoMapperImpl winktoMapper;public WinktoMapperImpl getWinktoMapper() {return winktoMapper;}public void setWinktoMapper(WinktoMapperImpl winktoMapper) {this.winktoMapper winktoMapper;}public void service() {System.out.println(假装自己开启了事务);winktoMapper.mapper();System.out.println(假装自己提交了事务);}
}
aplicationContent.xml
对于bean引用用c:xxx-ref否则使用c:xxxc命名空间可以额外使用c:_0-ref
bean idwinktoMapper classclub.winkto.mapper.WinktoMapperImpl
/bean
!--bean idwinktoService classclub.winkto.service.WinktoServiceImpl c:winktoMapper-refwinktoMapper--
!--/bean--
bean idwinktoService classclub.winkto.service.WinktoServiceImpl c:_0-refwinktoMapper
/bean
测试
Test
public void test(){ClassPathXmlApplicationContext classPathXmlApplicationContext new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(applicationContent.xml);WinktoService winktoService classPathXmlApplicationContext.getBean(winktoService, WinktoService.class);winktoService.service();
}
5.3、配置文件模块化
5.3.1、配置文件并列
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext classPathXmlApplicationContext new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(applicationContent.xml,beans.xml);
5.3.2、主从配置文件
在applicationContent.xml导入beans.xml
import resourcebeans.xml/
6、Spring注解开发IOC部分
Spring是轻代码而重配置的框架配置比较繁重影响开发效率所以注解开发是一种趋势注解代 替xml配置文件可以简化配置提高开发效率
开启注解扫描
!--注解的组件扫描--
context:component-scan base-packageclub.winkto/context:component-scan
6.1、注册bean
注解说明Component使用在类上用于实例化BeanController使用在web层类上用于实例化BeanService使用在service层类上用于实例化BeanRepository使用在dao层类上用于实例化Bean
6.2、依赖注入
注解说明Autowired使用在字段上用于根据类型依赖注入先根据type类型不唯一根据name自动装配的Qualifier结合Autowired一起使用,根据名称进行依赖注入Resource相当于AutowiredQualifier按照名称进行注入很少用且jdk11在spring核心包不包含此注解Value注入普通属性也可以注入spring配置文件里的其他普通属性使用${}上面三个注入引用类型
6.3、初始销毁
注解说明PostConstruct使用在方法上标注该方法是Bean的初始化方法PreDestroy使用在方法上标注该方法是Bean的销毁方法
6.4、新注解
注解说明Configuration用于指定当前类是一个Spring 配置类当创建容器时会从该类上加载注解Bean使用在方法上标注将该方法的返回值存储到 Spring 容器中PropertySource用于加载 properties 文件中的配置ComponentScan用于指定 Spring 在初始化容器时要扫描的包Import用于导入其他配置类
6.5、注解快速入门
mapper
public interface WinktoMapper {void mapper();
}
Repository(winktoMapper)
public class WinktoMapperImpl implements WinktoMapper {public void mapper() {System.out.println(假装自己有了数据库查询);}
}
service
public interface WinktoService {void service();
}
Service(winktoService)
public class WinktoServiceImpl implements WinktoService {Value(12)private int a;Autowiredprivate WinktoMapperImpl winktoMapper;public WinktoServiceImpl() {}public WinktoServiceImpl(int a, WinktoMapperImpl winktoMapper) {this.a a;this.winktoMapper winktoMapper;}public int getA() {return a;}public void setA(int a) {this.a a;}public WinktoMapperImpl getWinktoMapper() {return winktoMapper;}public void setWinktoMapper(WinktoMapperImpl winktoMapper) {this.winktoMapper winktoMapper;}public void service() {System.out.println(假装自己开启了事务);winktoMapper.mapper();System.out.println();System.out.println(toString());System.out.println();System.out.println(假装自己提交了事务);}Overridepublic String toString() {return WinktoServiceImpl{ a a , winktoMapper winktoMapper };}
}
aplicationContent.xml
?xml version1.0 encodingUTF-8?
beans xmlnshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beansxmlns:xsihttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instancexmlns:phttp://www.springframework.org/schema/pxmlns:chttp://www.springframework.org/schema/cxmlns:contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contextxsi:schemaLocationhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttps://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd!--注解的组件扫描--context:component-scan base-packageclub.winkto/context:component-scan
/beans
测试
Test
public void test(){ClassPathXmlApplicationContext classPathXmlApplicationContext new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(applicationContent.xml);WinktoService winktoService classPathXmlApplicationContext.getBean(winktoService, WinktoService.class);winktoService.service();
}
6.6、纯注解开发
导入依赖
dependencies!--spring--dependencygroupIdorg.springframework/groupIdartifactIdspring-context/artifactIdversion5.3.9/version/dependencydependencygroupIdjunit/groupIdartifactIdjunit/artifactIdversion4.13/versionscopetest/scope/dependencydependencygroupIdcom.fasterxml.jackson.core/groupIdartifactIdjackson-databind/artifactIdversion2.9.6/version/dependency
/dependencies
mapper
public interface WinktoMapper {void mapper();
}
Repository(winktoMapper)
public class WinktoMapperImpl implements WinktoMapper {Value(${name})private String name;public void mapper() {System.out.println(name);System.out.println(假装自己有了数据库查询);}
}
service
public interface WinktoService {void service();
}
Service(winktoService)
public class WinktoServiceImpl implements WinktoService {Value(12)private int a;Autowiredprivate WinktoMapperImpl winktoMapper;public WinktoServiceImpl() {}public WinktoServiceImpl(int a, WinktoMapperImpl winktoMapper) {this.a a;this.winktoMapper winktoMapper;}public int getA() {return a;}public void setA(int a) {this.a a;}public WinktoMapperImpl getWinktoMapper() {return winktoMapper;}public void setWinktoMapper(WinktoMapperImpl winktoMapper) {this.winktoMapper winktoMapper;}public void service() {System.out.println(假装自己开启了事务);winktoMapper.mapper();System.out.println();System.out.println(toString());System.out.println();System.out.println(假装自己提交了事务);}Overridepublic String toString() {return WinktoServiceImpl{ a a , winktoMapper winktoMapper };}
}
config
Configuration
PropertySource(classpath:database.properties)
public class WinktoMapperConfig {Value(${name})private String name;
}
Configuration
ComponentScan(club.winkto)
Import(WinktoMapperConfig.class)
public class WinktoConfig {Beanpublic ObjectMapper objectMapper(){return new ObjectMapper();}
}
测试
Test
public void test() throws JsonProcessingException {AnnotationConfigApplicationContext annotationConfigApplicationContext new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(WinktoConfig.class);WinktoService winktoService annotationConfigApplicationContext.getBean(winktoService, WinktoService.class);ObjectMapper objectMapper annotationConfigApplicationContext.getBean(objectMapper, ObjectMapper.class);System.out.println(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(winktoService));winktoService.service();
}
6.7、Spring整合junit
导入依赖
dependencies!--spring--dependencygroupIdorg.springframework/groupIdartifactIdspring-context/artifactIdversion5.3.9/version/dependency!--spring-test--dependencygroupIdorg.springframework/groupIdartifactIdspring-test/artifactIdversion5.3.9/versionscopetest/scope/dependencydependencygroupIdjunit/groupIdartifactIdjunit/artifactIdversion4.13/versionscopetest/scope/dependencydependencygroupIdcom.fasterxml.jackson.core/groupIdartifactIdjackson-databind/artifactIdversion2.9.6/version/dependency
/dependencies
修改Test类
RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
//ContextConfiguration(value {classpath:applicationContext.xml})
ContextConfiguration(classes {WinktoConfig.class})
public class MyTest {Autowiredprivate WinktoService winktoService;Autowiredprivate ObjectMapper objectMapper;Testpublic void test() throws JsonProcessingException {System.out.println(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(winktoService));winktoService.service();}
}
7、动态代理
7.1、JDK动态代理
基于接口的动态代理技术利用拦截器必须实现invocationHandler加上反射机制生成 一个代理接口的匿名类在调用具体方法前调用InvokeHandler来处理从而实现方法增强 7.2.1、JDK动态代理实现
service
public interface CRUD {void select();void insert();void update();void delete();
}
Service
public class CRUDService implements CRUD {public void select() {System.out.println(假装自己执行了select);}public void insert() {System.out.println(假装自己执行了insert);}public void update() {System.out.println(假装自己执行了update);}public void delete() {System.out.println(假装自己执行了delete);}
}
config
Configuration
ComponentScan(cn.winkto)
public class WinktoConfig {Bean(objectMapper)public ObjectMapper getObjectMapper(){return new ObjectMapper();}
}
代理
Component
public class JDKProxy {public Object proxy(final CRUDService crudService){return Proxy.newProxyInstance(crudService.getClass().getClassLoader(), crudService.getClass().getInterfaces(), new InvocationHandler() {public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {System.out.println(代理前);Object invoke method.invoke(crudService, args);System.out.println(代理后);return invoke;}});}
}
测试
RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
ContextConfiguration(classes {WinktoConfig.class})
public class MyTest {Autowiredprivate JDKProxy jdkProxy;Autowiredprivate CRUDService crudService;Testpublic void test(){CRUD proxy (CRUD) jdkProxy.proxy(crudService);proxy.select();}
}
7.2、CGLIB代理
基于父类的动态代理技术动态生成一个要代理的子类子类重写要代理的类的所有不是 final的方法。在子类中采用方法拦截技术拦截所有的父类方法的调用顺势织入横切逻辑对方法进行 增强 7.2.1、CGLIB代理的实现
service
public interface CRUD {void select();void insert();void update();void delete();
}
Service
public class CRUDService implements CRUD {public void select() {System.out.println(假装自己执行了select);}public void insert() {System.out.println(假装自己执行了insert);}public void update() {System.out.println(假装自己执行了update);}public void delete() {System.out.println(假装自己执行了delete);}
}
config
Configuration
ComponentScan(cn.winkto)
public class WinktoConfig {Bean(objectMapper)public ObjectMapper getObjectMapper(){return new ObjectMapper();}
}
代理
Component
public class CglibProxy {public Object proxy(final CRUDService crudService){return Enhancer.create(crudService.getClass(), new MethodInterceptor() {public Object intercept(Object o, Method method, Object[] objects, MethodProxy methodProxy) throws Throwable {System.out.println(代理前);Object invoke method.invoke(crudService, objects);System.out.println(代理后);return invoke;}});}
}
测试
RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
ContextConfiguration(classes {WinktoConfig.class})
public class MyTest {Autowiredprivate JDKProxy jdkProxy;Autowiredprivate CglibProxy cglibProxy;Autowiredprivate CRUDService crudService;Testpublic void test1(){CRUD proxy (CRUD) cglibProxy.proxy(crudService);proxy.select();}
}
8、Spring AOP
AOP 是 OOP面向对象编程 的延续是软件开发中的一个热点也是Spring框架中的一个重要内容利用AOP可以对业务逻辑的各个部分进行隔离从而使得业务逻辑各部分之间的耦合度降低提高程序的可重用性同时提高了开发的效率
在程序运行期间在不修改源码的情况下对方法进行功能增强逻辑清晰开发核心业务的时候不必关注增强业务的代码减少重复代码提高开发效率便于后期维护
8.1、Aop术语解释
Target目标对象代理的目标对象Proxy 代理一个类被 AOP 织入增强后就产生一个结果代理类Joinpoint连接点所谓连接点是指那些可以被拦截到的点。在spring中这些点指的是方法因为 spring只支持方法类型的连接点Pointcut切入点所谓切入点是指我们要对哪些 Joinpoint 进行拦截的定义Advice通知/ 增强所谓通知是指拦截到 Joinpoint 之后所要做的事情就是通知 分类前置通知、后置通知、异常通知、最终通知、环绕通知Aspect切面是切入点和通知引介的结合Weaving织入是指把增强应用到目标对象来创建新的代理对象的过程。spring采用动态代理织 入而AspectJ采用编译期织入和类装载期织入
8.2、Aop快速入门
导入依赖
dependencies!--spring--dependencygroupIdorg.springframework/groupIdartifactIdspring-context/artifactIdversion5.3.9/version/dependency!--spring-test--dependencygroupIdorg.springframework/groupIdartifactIdspring-test/artifactIdversion5.3.9/versionscopetest/scope/dependency!--aop--dependencygroupIdorg.aspectj/groupIdartifactIdaspectjweaver/artifactIdversion1.9.6/version/dependencydependencygroupIdjunit/groupIdartifactIdjunit/artifactIdversion4.13/versionscopetest/scope/dependencydependencygroupIdcom.fasterxml.jackson.core/groupIdartifactIdjackson-databind/artifactIdversion2.9.6/version/dependency
/dependencies
service
public interface CRUD {void select();void insert();void update();void delete();
}
public class CRUDService implements CRUD {public void select() {System.out.println(假装自己执行了select);}public void insert() {System.out.println(假装自己执行了insert);}public void update() {System.out.println(假装自己执行了update);}public void delete() {System.out.println(假装自己执行了delete);}
}
aop
public class CRUDAdvice {public void before(){System.out.println(前置通知);}public void afterReturning(){System.out.println(后置通知);}public void afterThrowing(){System.out.println(异常通知);}public void after(){System.out.println(最终通知);}public void around(ProceedingJoinPoint ProceedingJoinPoint){System.out.println(环绕开始);try {ProceedingJoinPoint.proceed();} catch (Throwable throwable) {throwable.printStackTrace();}System.out.println(环绕结束);}
}
applicationContent.xml
?xml version1.0 encodingUTF-8?
beans xmlnshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beansxmlns:xsihttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instancexmlns:aophttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aopxsi:schemaLocationhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aophttps://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsdbean idcrudService classcn.winkto.service.CRUDService/beanbean idcrudAdvice classcn.winkto.aop.CRUDAdvice/beanaop:configaop:aspect refcrudAdviceaop:before methodbefore pointcutexecution(* cn.winkto.service.CRUDService.*(..))/aop:beforeaop:after methodafterReturning pointcutexecution(* cn.winkto.service.CRUDService.*(..))/aop:after/aop:aspect/aop:config
/beans
测试
RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
ContextConfiguration(value {classpath:applicationContent.xml})
public class MyTest {Autowiredprivate CRUD crud;Testpublic void test(){crud.select();}
}
8.3、Aop详解
8.3.1、切点表达式
execution([修饰符] 返回值类型 包名.类名.方法名(参数))
访问修饰符可以省略返回值类型、包名、类名、方法名可以使用星号 * 代替代表任意包名与类名之间一个点 . 代表当前包下的类两个点 … 表示当前包及其子包下的类参数列表可以使用两个点 … 表示任意个数任意类型的参数列表
8.3.2、切点表达式的抽取
?xml version1.0 encodingUTF-8?
beans xmlnshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beansxmlns:xsihttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instancexmlns:aophttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aopxsi:schemaLocationhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aophttps://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsdbean idcrudService classcn.winkto.service.CRUDService/beanbean idcrudAdvice classcn.winkto.aop.CRUDAdvice/beanaop:configaop:aspect refcrudAdviceaop:pointcut idpoint1 expressionexecution(* cn.winkto.service.CRUDService.*(..))/aop:before methodbefore pointcut-refpoint1/aop:beforeaop:after methodafterReturning pointcut-refpoint1/aop:after/aop:aspect/aop:config
/beans
?xml version1.0 encodingUTF-8?
beans xmlnshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beansxmlns:xsihttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instancexmlns:aophttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aopxsi:schemaLocationhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aophttps://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsdbean idcrudService classcn.winkto.service.CRUDService/beanbean idcrudAdvice classcn.winkto.aop.CRUDAdvice/beanaop:configaop:pointcut idpoint1 expressionexecution(* cn.winkto.service.CRUDService.*(..))/aop:aspect refcrudAdviceaop:before methodbefore pointcut-refpoint1/aop:beforeaop:after methodafterReturning pointcut-refpoint1/aop:after/aop:aspect/aop:config
/beans
8.3.3、通知类型
aop:通知类型 method“通知类中方法名” pointcut“切点表达式/aop:通知类型
名称标签说明前置通知aop:before用于配置前置通知指定增强的方法在切入点方法之前执行后置通知aop:afterReturning用于配置后置通知。指定增强的方法在切入点方法之后执行异常通知aop:afterThrowing用于配置异常通知。指定增强的方法出现异常后执行最终通知aop:after用于配置最终通知。无论切入点方法执行时是否有异常都会执行环绕通知aop:around用于配置环绕通知。开发者可以手动控制增强代码在什么时候执行
后置通知与异常通知互斥环绕通知一般独立使用
9、Spring注解开发AOP部分
导入依赖
dependencies!--spring--dependencygroupIdorg.springframework/groupIdartifactIdspring-context/artifactIdversion5.3.9/version/dependency!--spring-test--dependencygroupIdorg.springframework/groupIdartifactIdspring-test/artifactIdversion5.3.9/versionscopetest/scope/dependency!--aop--dependencygroupIdorg.aspectj/groupIdartifactIdaspectjweaver/artifactIdversion1.9.6/version/dependencydependencygroupIdjunit/groupIdartifactIdjunit/artifactIdversion4.13/versionscopetest/scope/dependencydependencygroupIdcom.fasterxml.jackson.core/groupIdartifactIdjackson-databind/artifactIdversion2.9.6/version/dependency
/dependencies
service
public interface CRUD {void select();void insert();void update();void delete();
}
public class CRUDService implements CRUD {public void select() {System.out.println(假装自己执行了select);}public void insert() {System.out.println(假装自己执行了insert);}public void update() {System.out.println(假装自己执行了update);}public void delete() {System.out.println(假装自己执行了delete);}
}
aop
Component
//标注为切面类
Aspect
public class CRUDAdvice {Pointcut(execution(* cn.winkto.service.CRUDService.*(..)))public void point(){}Before(point())public void before(){System.out.println(前置通知);}AfterReturning(point())public void afterReturning(){System.out.println(后置通知);}public void afterThrowing(){System.out.println(异常通知);}public void after(){System.out.println(最终通知);}public void around(ProceedingJoinPoint ProceedingJoinPoint){System.out.println(环绕开始);try {ProceedingJoinPoint.proceed();} catch (Throwable throwable) {throwable.printStackTrace();}System.out.println(环绕结束);}
}
config
Configuration
ComponentScan(cn.winkto)
//开启自动aop代理
EnableAspectJAutoProxy
public class WinktoConfig {Bean(objectMapper)public ObjectMapper getObjectMapper(){return new ObjectMapper();}
}
测试
RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
ContextConfiguration(classes {WinktoConfig.class})
public class MyTest {Autowiredprivate CRUD crud;Testpublic void test(){crud.select();}
}
10、Spring事务
编程式事务直接把事务的代码和业务代码耦合到一起在实际开发中不用下文不进行详细阐述声明式事务采用配置的方式来实现的事务控制业务代码与事务代码实现解耦合
10.1、声明式事务基于XML整合mybatis
实体类
public class Person {private int pid;private String pname;private String ppassword;
}
mapper
public interface PersonMapper {ListPerson selectPerson();
}
public class PersonMapperImpl implements PersonMapper {private SqlSession sqlSession;public PersonMapperImpl(SqlSession sqlSession) {this.sqlSession sqlSession;}public ListPerson selectPerson() {return sqlSession.getMapper(PersonMapper.class).selectPerson();}
}
映射文件
?xml version1.0 encodingUTF-8 ?
!DOCTYPE mapperPUBLIC -//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//ENhttp://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd
mapper namespacecn.winkto.mapper.PersonMapperselect idselectPerson resultTypePersonselect * from person/select
/mapper
数据库配置文件
drivercom.mysql.jdbc.Driver
urljdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicodetruecharacterEncodingutf-8useSSLfalseserverTimezone Asia/Shanghai
userroot
passwordblingbling123.
mybatis配置文件
?xml version1.0 encodingUTF-8 ?
!DOCTYPE configurationPUBLIC -//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//ENhttp://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtdconfigurationsettingssetting namelogImpl valueSTDOUT_LOGGING//settingstypeAliasespackage namecn.winkto.bean/package/typeAliasesmapperspackage namecn.winkto.mapper//mappers
/configuration
spring配置文件
?xml version1.0 encodingUTF-8?
beans xmlnshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beansxmlns:xsihttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instancexmlns:contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context xmlns:txhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/txxmlns:aophttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aopxsi:schemaLocationhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttps://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/txhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd!--开启注解扫描--context:component-scan base-packagecn.winkto /context:property-placeholder locationclasspath:database.properties/bean iddataSource classcom.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceproperty namedriverClassName value${driver}/property nameurl value${url}/property nameusername value${user}/property namepassword value${password}//bean!--sqlSessionFactory--bean idsqlSessionFactory classorg.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBeanproperty namedataSource refdataSource /property nameconfigLocation valuemybatis-config.xml //bean!--sqlsession--bean idsqlsession classorg.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplateconstructor-arg namesqlSessionFactory refsqlSessionFactory //beanbean idpersonMapper classcn.winkto.mapper.PersonMapperImplconstructor-arg namesqlSession refsqlsession //bean!--事务管理器--bean idtx classorg.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManagerconstructor-arg namedataSource refdataSource //bean!--通知增强--tx:advice idtxAdvice transaction-managertxtx:attributestx:method name*//tx:attributes/tx:advice!--织入事务--aop:configaop:pointcut idpoint expressionexecution(* cn.winkto.mapper.PersonMapperImpl.*(..)) /aop:advisor advice-reftxAdvice pointcut-refpoint //aop:config
/beans
测试
RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
ContextConfiguration(value {classpath:applicationContent.xml})
public class MyTest {Autowiredprivate PersonMapper personMapper;Testpublic void test(){System.out.println(personMapper.selectPerson());}
}
10.1.1、 事务参数的配置详解
tx:method nameselectPerson isolationREPEATABLE_READ propagationREQUIRED timeout-1 read-onlyfalse/
name切点方法名称可以使用*做匹配类似于模糊查询isolation:事务的隔离级别propogation事务的传播行为timeout超时时间read-only是否只读
10.2、声明式事务基于注解整合mybatis
实体类
public class Person {private int pid;private String pname;private String ppassword;
}
数据库配置文件
drivercom.mysql.jdbc.Driver
urljdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicodetruecharacterEncodingutf-8useSSLfalseserverTimezone Asia/Shanghai
userroot
passwordblingbling123.
mapper
public interface PersonMapper {ListPerson selectPerson();
}
Repository(personMapper)
public class PersonMapperImpl implements PersonMapper {Autowiredprivate SqlSessionTemplate sqlSession;public PersonMapperImpl(SqlSessionTemplate sqlSession) {this.sqlSession sqlSession;}//配置事务属性可放置在类上kTransactional(propagation Propagation.REQUIRED,isolation Isolation.DEFAULT,timeout -1,readOnly true)public ListPerson selectPerson() {return sqlSession.getMapper(PersonMapper.class).selectPerson();}
}
映射文件
?xml version1.0 encodingUTF-8 ?
!DOCTYPE mapperPUBLIC -//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//ENhttp://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd
mapper namespacecn.winkto.mapper.PersonMapperselect idselectPerson resultTypePersonselect * from person/select
/mappermybatis配置文件
?xml version1.0 encodingUTF-8 ?
!DOCTYPE configurationPUBLIC -//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//ENhttp://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtdconfigurationsettingssetting namelogImpl valueSTDOUT_LOGGING//settingstypeAliasespackage namecn.winkto.bean/package/typeAliasesmapperspackage namecn.winkto.mapper//mappers
/configurationconfig
Configuration
EnableAspectJAutoProxy
EnableTransactionManagement
ComponentScan(cn.winkto)
PropertySource(classpath:database.properties)public class WinktoConfig {Value(${driver})private String driver;Value(${url})private String url;Value(${user})private String user;Value(${password})private String password;Beanpublic DataSource dataSource(){DruidDataSource druidDataSource new DruidDataSource();druidDataSource.setDriverClassName(driver);druidDataSource.setUrl(url);druidDataSource.setUsername(user);druidDataSource.setPassword(password);return druidDataSource;}Beanpublic SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean(Autowired DataSource dataSource){SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean new SqlSessionFactoryBean();sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource);sqlSessionFactoryBean.setConfigLocation(new ClassPathResource(mybatis-config.xml));return sqlSessionFactoryBean;}Bean(sqlSession)public SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTemplate(Autowired SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean) throws Exception {return new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactoryBean.getObject());}Beanpublic DataSourceTransactionManager dataSourceTransactionManager(){return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource());}
}测试
RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
ContextConfiguration(classes {WinktoConfig.class})
public class MyTest {Autowiredprivate PersonMapper personMapper;Testpublic void test(){System.out.println(personMapper.selectPerson());}
}
