网站不可以做哪些东西,网站的速度,网站建设丿金手指谷哥14,wordpress 重定位初级代码游戏的专栏介绍与文章目录-CSDN博客
我的github#xff1a;codetoys#xff0c;所有代码都将会位于ctfc库中。已经放入库中我会指出在库中的位置。
这些代码大部分以Linux为目标但部分代码是纯C的#xff0c;可以在任何平台上使用。 折腾过字符界面下的图形化显示…初级代码游戏的专栏介绍与文章目录-CSDN博客
我的githubcodetoys所有代码都将会位于ctfc库中。已经放入库中我会指出在库中的位置。
这些代码大部分以Linux为目标但部分代码是纯C的可以在任何平台上使用。 折腾过字符界面下的图形化显示挺有趣算是一种偏门需要吧。
目录
1 ncurses库介绍
2 例程介绍和全部源码
3 详解
3.1 主类
3.2 菜单的命令接口
3.3 CWinddow
3.4 CMenu
3.5 MessageLoop 1 ncurses库介绍 ncurses库是UNIX/LINUX上的字符终端的图形界面库可以显示菜单可以用光标控制。使用体验呢聊胜于无。虽说可以看起来让控制台程序酷一点但是因为BUG也多值不值得看项目需要吧。
2 例程介绍和全部源码 下面就是我写过的一个库所有代码都在一个文件里。包括菜单、状态栏、提示栏支持鼠标操作完整代码如下建议先编译一下确认代码是可以编译的然后再看后面的讲解源码头部有一些特别说明此源码原来是在CentOS7和8上编译的64位。代码中如果涉及到“thelog”这是个日志输出酌情修改即可
////yum install ncurses-devel.x86_64
//-lncursesw 带w的支持中文显示同时必须在使用这个库之前调用setlocale(LC_ALL, );
// menu库也要带w
//如果键盘码不符合预期比如F1-F4变成多个字符也有F5也不对的设置客户端的终端类型为Xterm#include locale.h
#include curses.h
#include menu.h#define ESC (0x1b)
class CMyCurses
{
public:class ICommandExecute{private:string name;public:ICommandExecute() :name(ICommandExecute) {}ICommandExecute(char const* _name) :name(_name) {}string GetName()const{return name;}virtual bool CommandExecute(){thelog name CommandExecute endi;}};class CWinddow{private:WINDOW* m_window nullptr;//位置和大小int m_y 0;int m_x 0;int m_cols 0;int m_lines 0;string m_data;//总数据int m_current_begin 0;//当前显示区域int m_current_end 0;bool ReCreateWindow(){if (!DestoryWindow())return false;m_window newwin(m_lines, m_cols, m_y, m_x);keypad(m_window, TRUE);return nullptr ! m_window;}bool _ScrollOutput(bool bDown){if (bDown){//结束位置移动到下一行int* pInt m_current_end;while (*pInt m_data.size()){if (m_data[*pInt] ! \n){* pInt;}else{* pInt;break;}}}else{//开始位置移动到前一行int* pInt m_current_begin;if (*pInt 0 m_data[*pInt] \n){--* pInt;//跳过前面的换行}while (*pInt 0){if (m_data[*pInt] ! \n){--* pInt;}else{break;}}if (*pInt 0){*pInt 0;}}while (m_current_end - m_current_begin 0){wclear(m_window);if (OK mvwaddnstr(m_window, 0, 0, m_data.c_str() m_current_begin, m_current_end - m_current_begin)){//thelog 实际输出 [ m_current_begin , m_current_end ) endi;return true;}if (bDown){m_current_begin;}else{--m_current_end;}}return false;}public:bool isCreated()const { return nullptr ! m_window; }bool CreateWindow(int lines, int cols, int y, int x){m_y y;m_x x;m_cols cols;m_lines lines;return ReCreateWindow();}bool DestoryWindow(){if (m_window){if (OK delwin(m_window)){m_window nullptr;return true;}else{return false;}}return true;}int GetCh(){Touch();return wgetch(m_window);}void Touch(){touchwin(m_window);}bool RedrawOutput(){wclear(m_window);if (m_current_end - m_current_begin 0){mvwaddnstr(m_window, 0, 0, m_data.c_str() m_current_begin, m_current_end - m_current_begin);}wrefresh(m_window);return true;}bool ClearOutput(){m_data ;m_current_begin 0;m_current_end 0;RedrawOutput();}//滚动窗口bool ScrollOutput(bool bDown true){wclear(m_window);if ((!bDown 0 m_current_begin) || (bDown m_data.size() m_current_begin)){//已经到顶或到底当前区域能全部输出则不需要滚动if (ERR mvwaddnstr(m_window, 0, 0, m_data.c_str() m_current_begin, m_current_end - m_current_begin)){_ScrollOutput(bDown);}}else{_ScrollOutput(bDown);}wrefresh(m_window);}//追加输出bool DrawOutput(char const* data){m_data data;m_current_end m_data.size();if (ERR waddstr(m_window, data)){thelog 字符串输出出错 ende;ScrollOutput();}wrefresh(m_window);return true;}};class CMenu{private:CMyCurses* pMyCurses nullptr;bool bInited false;bool bShow false;//isMainMenu始终显示ICommandExecute* pExec nullptr;//执行接口bool isMainMenu false;string name;string description_original;//原始描述string description_show;//输出描述MENU* my_menu nullptr;WINDOW* my_menu_win nullptr;WINDOW* my_menu_win_sub nullptr;ITEM** my_items nullptr;int my_items_count 0;vectorCMenu children;public:CMenu(CMyCurses* p, char const* _name, char const* _description) :pMyCurses(p), name(_name), description_original(_description){}CMenu(CMyCurses* p, char const* _name, char const* _description, ICommandExecute * _pExec) :pMyCurses(p), name(_name), description_original(_description), pExec(_pExec){}bool isInited()const { return bInited; }bool Redraw(int level 0){string px;px.assign(level * 4, );px name :;if (!isInited()){thelog px 尚未初始化 endi;return true;}if (isMainMenu || bShow){//重新安装菜单不然由于窗口没有变化菜单不会刷新显示unpost_menu(my_menu);post_menu(my_menu);set_current_item(my_menu, current_item(my_menu));touchwin(my_menu_win);thelog px 刷新my_menu_win endi;wrefresh(my_menu_win);thelog px 刷新my_menu_win_sub endi;wrefresh(my_menu_win_sub);for (auto it children.begin(); it ! children.end(); it){thelog px 刷新子菜单 endi;it-Redraw(level 1);}}else{thelog px 不需要显示 endi;}return true;}CMenu* getChild(int i){return children[i];}void clearMenuItem(){children.clear();}//返回位置索引不能是指针vector扩展时会移动数据int addMenuItem(CMyCurses* p, char const* name, char const* description){children.push_back(CMenu(p, name, description));return children.size() - 1;}int addMenuItem(CMyCurses* p, char const* name, char const* description, ICommandExecute * pExec){children.push_back(CMenu(p, name, description, pExec));return children.size() - 1;}bool init_main_menu(){isMainMenu true;return init_menu(1, 0);}bool init_menu(int start_y, int start_x){/* 创建菜单项*/my_items_count children.size();my_items (ITEM**)calloc(my_items_count 1, sizeof(ITEM*));for (int i 0; i children.size(); i){thelog 创建子菜单 children[i].name endi;if (children[i].children.size() 0){if (isMainMenu){children[i].description_show children[i].description_original ↓;}else{children[i].description_show children[i].description_original →;}}else{children[i].description_show children[i].description_original;}my_items[i] new_item(children[i].name.c_str(), children[i].description_show.c_str());}my_items[children.size()] nullptr;/* 创建菜单*/my_menu new_menu((ITEM**)my_items);if (isMainMenu)set_menu_format(my_menu, 1, 16);/* 创建与菜单相关联的窗口*/if (isMainMenu){my_menu_win newwin(1, COLS, 1, 0);my_menu_win_sub derwin(my_menu_win, 1, COLS, 0, 0);keypad(my_menu_win, TRUE);}else{int y, x;scale_menu(my_menu, y, x);x 3;//不增加不足以容纳前导的空格和*号3后面会多一个空格my_menu_win newwin(y, x, start_y, start_x);my_menu_win_sub derwin(my_menu_win, y, x, 0, 0);keypad(my_menu_win, TRUE);}/* 设置主窗口和子窗口*/set_menu_win(my_menu, my_menu_win);set_menu_sub(my_menu, my_menu_win_sub);/* 设置字符串的标记为 * */set_menu_mark(my_menu, * );/* 递送菜单*/post_menu(my_menu);wrefresh(my_menu_win);bInited true;return true;}//_c主程序传递过来的按键避免一步额外的操作才能进入菜单bCmdExecuted 发生了命令执行需要退出菜单int run_menu(int _c, int level, bool bCmdExecuted){constexpr int quit_char ESC;//遇到此键退出int c _c;do{int post_c \0;//如果调用了子菜单接收子菜单传递回来的字符char buf[1024];sprintf(buf, %d, c);this-pMyCurses-AddStatus(buf);ITEM* selected current_item(my_menu);//当前选中项switch (c){case KEY_LEFT:if (!isMainMenu){if (level 1)return \0;//二级以上子菜单左键返回上一级不能传递else return c;}menu_driver(my_menu, REQ_LEFT_ITEM);break;case KEY_RIGHT:if (!isMainMenu){if (!selected)return c;CMenu* pChild getChild(item_index(selected));if (0 pChild-children.size())return c;}menu_driver(my_menu, REQ_RIGHT_ITEM);break;case KEY_DOWN:menu_driver(my_menu, REQ_DOWN_ITEM);break;case KEY_UP:menu_driver(my_menu, REQ_UP_ITEM);break;case \t:if (E_OK ! menu_driver(my_menu, REQ_NEXT_ITEM)){menu_driver(my_menu, REQ_FIRST_ITEM);};break;case \n:{if (selected){CMenu* pChild getChild(item_index(selected));if (pChild-pExec){thelog 执行命令 endi;;pChild-pExec-CommandExecute();bCmdExecuted true;return \0;}else{thelog 命令未配置 endi;}}break;}break;case KEY_F(1):this-pMyCurses-ShowStatus(显示帮助);break;}thelog 重绘整个屏幕 endi;pMyCurses-Redraw();//重绘整个屏幕if (c ! \0){//重新取得当前选中项可能已经改变selected current_item(my_menu);if (selected){sprintf(buf, 用户选中%s (第%d个), selected-name.str, item_index(selected) 1);}else sprintf(buf, 没有有效的选中项);this-pMyCurses-ShowStatus(buf);CMenu* pChild getChild(item_index(selected));if (0 ! pChild-children.size() (isMainMenu || KEY_RIGHT c)){int y, x;if (isMainMenu){y my_menu_win-_begy 1;x my_menu_win-_begx my_menu_win_sub-_parx selected-x * my_menu-width / my_menu-cols (0 selected-x ? 0 : 1);}else{y my_menu_win-_begy selected-y;x my_menu_win-_begx my_menu_win_sub-_parx my_menu-width / my_menu-cols;}char buf[1024];sprintf(buf, 用户选中%s (第%d个 %d %d) _begy %d _begx %d _maxy %d _maxx %d x %d %d (%d %d) %d %d , selected-name.str, item_index(selected) 1, y, x, my_menu_win-_begy, my_menu_win_sub-_begx, my_menu_win-_maxy, my_menu_win_sub-_maxx, my_menu_win-_parx, my_menu_win_sub-_parx, selected-y, selected-x, my_menu-width, my_menu-cols);this-pMyCurses-OutputLine(buf);pChild-bShow true;thelog pChild-name 初始化子菜单 endi;pChild-init_menu(y, x);thelog pChild-name 运行子菜单 endi;post_c pChild-run_menu(\0, level 1, bCmdExecuted);thelog pChild-name 清理子菜单 (bCmdExecuted ? 因为命令已执行 : 无命令执行) endi;pChild-uninit_menu();pChild-bShow false;thelog this-name 重绘整个屏幕 endi;pMyCurses-Redraw();//重绘整个屏幕}}if (post_c ! \0)c post_c;else c \0;if (this-isMainMenu)this-pMyCurses-ShowTip(ESC 退出菜单 Enter 选中 Tab和方向键 改变选择);else this-pMyCurses-ShowTip((name ESC 返回上一级 Enter 选中 Tab和方向键 改变选择).c_str());} while (!bCmdExecuted (c ! \0 || (c wgetch(my_menu_win)) ! quit_char));thelog 菜单 name 退出 (bCmdExecuted ? 因为命令已执行 : 无命令执行) endi;return \0;}bool uninit_menu(){if (bInited){/* 取消递送并释放占用的内存*/unpost_menu(my_menu);if (E_OK ! free_menu(my_menu))thelog free_menu出错 ende;for (int i 0; i my_items_count; i){if (my_items[i])free_item(my_items[i]);}if (ERR delwin(my_menu_win_sub))thelog my_menu_win_sub出错 ende;if (ERR delwin(my_menu_win))thelog delwin出错 ende;}my_menu nullptr;free(my_items);my_menu_win_sub nullptr;my_menu_win nullptr;bInited false;return true;}};
private:string m_title;CMenu m_main_menu;//菜单栏WINDOW* m_TitleLine nullptr;//标题行CWinddow m_Client;//客户区WINDOW* m_TipLine nullptr;//提示行WINDOW* m_StateLine nullptr;//状态行string m_tip;string m_status;bool m_bExit false;//退出命令//不包含窗口刷新static void print_in_middle(WINDOW* win, int starty, int startx, int width, char const* string, chtype color){int temp;if (win NULL) win stdscr;temp (width - strlen(string)) / 2;wattron(win, color);thelog starty startx width startx temp endi;mvwprintw(win, starty, startx temp, %s, string);thelog 输出完成 endi;wattroff(win, color);}void DrawTip(){wclear(m_TipLine);mvwaddstr(m_TipLine, 0, 0, m_tip.c_str());wrefresh(m_TipLine);}void DrawStatus(){wclear(m_StateLine);mvwaddstr(m_StateLine, 0, 0, m_status.c_str());wrefresh(m_StateLine);}bool MessageLoop(){if (!m_main_menu.isInited())return false;string tip ESC 进入菜单 方向键 滚动;ShowTip(tip.c_str());while (!m_bExit){Redraw();ShowTip(tip.c_str());int c m_Client.GetCh();char buf[1024];sprintf(buf, %d %x, c, c);ShowStatus(buf);switch (c){case KEY_LEFT:break;case KEY_RIGHT:break;case KEY_DOWN:m_Client.ScrollOutput(true);break;case KEY_UP:m_Client.ScrollOutput(false);break;case \t:break;case ESC:{bool bCmdExecuted false;m_main_menu.run_menu(c, 0, bCmdExecuted);}break;case KEY_MOUSE:ShowStatus(KEY_MOUSE);MEVENT event;char buf2[256];char buf[256];if (getmouse(event) OK){if (event.bstate BUTTON1_RELEASED)sprintf(buf2, BUTTON1_RELEASED );else if (event.bstate BUTTON1_PRESSED)sprintf(buf2, BUTTON1_PRESSED );else if (event.bstate BUTTON1_CLICKED)sprintf(buf2, BUTTON1_CLICKED );else if (event.bstate BUTTON1_DOUBLE_CLICKED)sprintf(buf2, BUTTON1_DOUBLE_CLICKED);else if (event.bstate BUTTON1_TRIPLE_CLICKED)sprintf(buf2, BUTTON1_TRIPLE_CLICKED);else if (event.bstate BUTTON2_RELEASED)sprintf(buf2, BUTTON2_RELEASED );else if (event.bstate BUTTON2_PRESSED)sprintf(buf2, BUTTON2_PRESSED );else if (event.bstate BUTTON2_CLICKED)sprintf(buf2, BUTTON2_CLICKED );else if (event.bstate BUTTON2_DOUBLE_CLICKED)sprintf(buf2, BUTTON2_DOUBLE_CLICKED);else if (event.bstate BUTTON2_TRIPLE_CLICKED)sprintf(buf2, BUTTON2_TRIPLE_CLICKED);else if (event.bstate BUTTON3_RELEASED)sprintf(buf2, BUTTON3_RELEASED );else if (event.bstate BUTTON3_PRESSED)sprintf(buf2, BUTTON3_PRESSED );else if (event.bstate BUTTON3_CLICKED)sprintf(buf2, BUTTON3_CLICKED );else if (event.bstate BUTTON3_DOUBLE_CLICKED)sprintf(buf2, BUTTON3_DOUBLE_CLICKED);else if (event.bstate BUTTON3_TRIPLE_CLICKED)sprintf(buf2, BUTTON3_TRIPLE_CLICKED);else if (event.bstate BUTTON4_RELEASED)sprintf(buf2, BUTTON4_RELEASED );else if (event.bstate BUTTON4_PRESSED){m_Client.ScrollOutput(false);sprintf(buf2, BUTTON4_PRESSED wheel up);//滚轮向上}else if (event.bstate BUTTON4_CLICKED)sprintf(buf2, BUTTON4_CLICKED );else if (event.bstate BUTTON4_DOUBLE_CLICKED)sprintf(buf2, BUTTON4_DOUBLE_CLICKED);else if (event.bstate BUTTON4_TRIPLE_CLICKED)sprintf(buf2, BUTTON4_TRIPLE_CLICKED);else{sprintf(buf2, other);}}else{m_Client.ScrollOutput(true);sprintf(buf2, wheel down);//滚轮向下bstate为0}sprintf(buf, y%d x%d z%d state%X %s, event.y, event.x, event.z, event.bstate, buf2);this-ShowStatus(buf);break;case KEY_F(1):ShowStatus(帮助);break;}}return true;}class CCommand_Refresh : public ICommandExecute{private:CMyCurses* pCurses;public:CCommand_Refresh(CMyCurses* _pCurses, char const* name) :CMyCurses::ICommandExecute(name), pCurses(_pCurses){}virtual bool CommandExecute() override{pCurses-Redraw();return true;}};class CCommand_Exit : public ICommandExecute{private:CMyCurses* pCurses;public:CCommand_Exit(CMyCurses* _pCurses, char const* name) :CMyCurses::ICommandExecute(name), pCurses(_pCurses){}virtual bool CommandExecute() override{pCurses-SetExit();return true;}};
public:CMyCurses() :m_main_menu(this, main_menu, ) {int i m_main_menu.addMenuItem(this, 系统, );m_main_menu.getChild(i)-addMenuItem(this, 刷新, , new CCommand_Refresh(this, __REFRESH));m_main_menu.getChild(i)-addMenuItem(this, 退出, , new CCommand_Exit(this, __EXIT));}CMenu* GetMenu() { return m_main_menu; }void SetExit() { m_bExit true; }void ShowTip(char const* tip){m_tip tip;DrawTip();}void ShowStatus(char const* status){m_status status;DrawStatus();}void AddStatus(char const* status){m_status status;DrawStatus();}void CreateTestMenu(){int i;i m_main_menu.addMenuItem(this, 配置, );m_main_menu.getChild(i)-addMenuItem(this, 配置1, 显示配置, new ICommandExecute(配置1));m_main_menu.getChild(i)-addMenuItem(this, 配置2, 显示配置);m_main_menu.getChild(i)-addMenuItem(this, 配置3, 显示配置);i m_main_menu.addMenuItem(this, 任务, );m_main_menu.getChild(i)-addMenuItem(this, 任务1, 显示配置);m_main_menu.getChild(i)-addMenuItem(this, 任务2, 显示配置);m_main_menu.getChild(i)-addMenuItem(this, 任务3, 显示配置);m_main_menu.getChild(i)-getChild(1)-addMenuItem(this, 任务x, 显示配置, new ICommandExecute(任务x));i m_main_menu.addMenuItem(this, 状态, );m_main_menu.getChild(i)-addMenuItem(this, 状态1, 显示状态);i m_main_menu.addMenuItem(this, 帮助, );}bool CursesMain(char const* title){thelog.setOutput(false);m_title title;m_bExit false;setlocale(LC_ALL, );initscr();start_color();cbreak();noecho();keypad(stdscr, TRUE);init_pair(1, COLOR_RED, COLOR_BLACK);clear();move(0, 0);refresh();//初始化鼠标系统mousemask(ALL_MOUSE_EVENTS, NULL);//屏幕区域m_TitleLine newwin(1, COLS, 0, 0);//标题栏第一行//m_main_menu 菜单栏第二行m_Client.CreateWindow(LINES - 4, COLS, 2, 0);//客户区中间部分m_TipLine newwin(1, COLS, LINES - 2, 0);//提示行倒数第二行m_StateLine newwin(1, COLS, LINES - 1, 0);//状态栏倒数第一行ClearOutput();OutputLine(1234);m_main_menu.init_main_menu();Redraw();MessageLoop();return true;}bool Redraw(){if (!m_TitleLine)thelog m_TitleLine is nullptr ende;if (!m_Client.isCreated())thelog m_Client is nullptr ende;if (!m_TipLine)thelog m_TipLine is nullptr ende;if (!m_StateLine)thelog m_StateLine is nullptr ende;thelog 开始重绘整个屏幕 endi;clear();refresh();//没有这句后面的就显示不出来//标题thelog 重绘标题 endi;wclear(m_TitleLine);print_in_middle(m_TitleLine, 0, 0, COLS, m_title.c_str(), COLOR_PAIR(1));wrefresh(m_TitleLine);m_Client.RedrawOutput();DrawTip();DrawStatus();//菜单thelog 重绘主菜单 endi;m_main_menu.Redraw();return true;}bool uninit(){m_main_menu.uninit_menu();m_Client.DestoryWindow();delwin(m_TitleLine);delwin(m_TipLine);delwin(m_StateLine);thelog.setOutput(true);if (ERR endwin())thelog endwin error ende;;return true;}bool Output(char const* data){return m_Client.DrawOutput(data);}bool OutputLine(char const* data){return m_Client.DrawOutput(data) m_Client.DrawOutput(\n);}bool ClearOutput(){m_Client.ClearOutput();return m_Client.RedrawOutput();}static int CMyCurses_test(){initscr();clear();move(10, 20);addstr(hello,world);move(LINES - 1, 0);refresh();getch();WINDOW* w1 newwin(10, 10, 0, 0);WINDOW* w2 newwin(10, 10, 5, 5);box(w1, 0, 0);box(w2, 0, 0);move(0, 0);waddstr(w1, 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111);wrefresh(w1);move(0, 0);waddstr(w2, 2222222222222222222);move(1, 0);waddstr(w2, 3333);wrefresh(w2);getch();mvaddstr(LINES - 1, 0, 3);refresh();//box(w1, 0, 0);wmove(w1, 0, 0);waddch(w1, a);waddch(w1, a);waddch(w1, a);waddch(w1, a);waddch(w1, a);wrefresh(w1);getch();endwin();return 0;}
};
3 详解
3.1 主类 主类CMyCurses一切都在这个类里面。
3.2 菜单的命令接口 ICommandExecute添加菜单时可以用一个命令作为参数父菜单一般没有命令选择这个菜单并回车导致执行命令。
3.3 CWinddow CWinodw是窗口是屏幕上的一块矩形区域。数据成员主要包括起始位置、行列数要显示的数据当前显示位置。要显示的数据不一定能全部显示所以要记录当前显示到哪里了。 窗口的主要方法是滚动显示。
3.4 CMenu CMenu是菜单是一个树形结构。菜单是整个界面的控制核心。 菜单的核心是run_menu根据键盘控制改变选中项并执行命令。
3.5 MessageLoop 主窗口的消息循环最重要的功能是按下ESC键进入到菜单的消息循环。 判断按键和鼠标执行相应的操作。如果是鼠标操作KEY_MOUSE需要额外调用getmouse(event)来获取鼠标状态。
3.6 主入口CursesMain 这是类的主入口。里面会初始化系统并进入MessageLoop循环。 初始化相当繁琐 setlocale(LC_ALL, );initscr();start_color();cbreak();noecho();keypad(stdscr, TRUE);init_pair(1, COLOR_RED, COLOR_BLACK);clear();move(0, 0);refresh();//初始化鼠标系统mousemask(ALL_MOUSE_EVENTS, NULL);然后才是设置自己的数据最后执行消息循环。
3.7 纯测试代码CMyCurses_test 这个对ncurses库的测试如果有什么函数不太明白在这里改一改看效果。 这里是结束
